Ukwelashwa kwe-Metal surface kuyinqubo yokwenza ungqimba olungaphezulu endaweni engaphezulu kwesisekelo sensimbi esihlukile kumishini, ngokomzimba namakhemikhali esisekelo. Inhloso yokwelashwa okungaphezulu ukuhlangabezana nokumelana nokugqwala komkhiqizo, ukumelana nokuguga, ukuhlobisa noma ezinye izidingo ezikhethekile zokusebenza. Ngokusakazwa kwensimbi, izindlela zethu zokwelashwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: ukupholisha ngomshini, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kokushisa okungaphezulu, kanye nendawo efuthwe. I-surpreatment yangaphambili ye-castings yensimbi iwukuhlanza, ukushanela, ukukhipha, ukukhipha, nokukhipha i-oxidize ingaphezulu le-workpiece.
Kunezincazelo ezimbili zokwelashwa kwendawo. Enye iwukwelashwa kwendawo okuvamile, okuhlanganisa izindlela eziningi ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezihlanganisa ukwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-electroplating, imidwebo, i-chemical oxidation, isifutho esishisayo, njll.; enye iwukwelashwa kwendawo echazwe kancane. Okusho ukuthi, ukucubungula kuphela okuhlanganisa i-sandblasting, ukupholisha, njll., okuyilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili.
| Ukwelashwa Okungaphezulu | Izinhlelo zokusebenza |
| I-Zinc Plating | I-alloy steel castings, i-carbon steel castings, izingxenye ezenziwe nge-powder metallurgy |
| I-Electroless Zinc Coating | I-Electroless Zinc enamathela ezingxenyeni zensimbi |
| I-Electroless Nickel Plating | I-electroless nickel plating kunsimbi, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, nezingxenye zethusi |
| I-Tin-Zinc Plating | Ukufakwa kwe-tin-zinc ezingxenyeni zensimbi |
| I-Chromium Plating | I-alloy steel castings, i-copper based alloy castings |
| I-Nickel Plating | I-electroless nickel plating kunsimbi, insimbi engagqwali, nezingxenye ze-aluminium |
| I-Chrome-Nickel Plating | Izingxenye zethusi, izingxenye zethusi |
| I-Zinc Nickel Plating | Izinsimbi zensimbi, izinsimbi zethusi, izingxenye zokubunjwa zethusi |
| I-Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating | I-Copper-Nickel-Chromium Plating kunsimbi, insimbi engagqwali, izingxenye ze-aluminium |
| I-Copper Plating | Ukufakwa ezingxenyeni zensimbi |
| I-anodizing | I-anodizing kanye ne-anodizing eqinile kuphrofayela ye-aluminium, izingxenye ze-machining ne-die cast aluminium |
| Ukudweba | Ukupenda nefilimu eyomile kunsimbi, i-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali, nezingxenye zensimbi |
| Ukuhlanza Acid | Ukuhlanzwa kwe-asidi yokusakazwa kwensimbi engagqwali, izingxenye eziphathwe ukushisa, ingxubevange enkulu, ingxubevange ye-aluminium, nezingxenye ze-titanium alloy |
| Passivation | Passivation zonke izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali |
| I-Phosphating | I-Zinc ne-manganese phosphating ye-castings evamile kanye nezingxenye zomshini |
| I-Electrophoresis | I-Electrophoresis ezingxenyeni zensimbi |
| Electrolytic Polishing | Ukupholisha nge-Electrolytic ezingxenyeni zensimbi engagqwali |
| Umdwebo Wocingo | Izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ngokusakazwa, ukushisela kanye nokwakha |
1. Surface Pretreatment
Enqubweni yokucubungula, ukuthutha, isitoreji, njll., indawo yokusebenza yensimbi ivame ukuba nesikali se-oxide, isihlabathi sokubumba ukugqwala, i-welding slag, uthuli, uwoyela nokunye ukungcola. Ukuze ukugqoka kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile ebusweni bomsebenzi womsebenzi, indawo yokusebenza kufanele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokudweba. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke nje kuthinte amandla okubopha kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kokugqoka ensimbi, kodwa futhi wenze isisekelo sensimbi ngisho noma siboshwe. Ingaqhubeka nokugqwala ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwesendlalelo, ibangele ukugoqa, okuthinta izakhiwo zemishini kanye nempilo yesevisi ye-workpiece. Kungabonakala ukuthi inhloso yokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwendawo yokusebenza kwensimbi ukuhlinzeka nge-substrate enhle efanele izidingo zokumboza, ukuthola ungqimba oluvikelayo lwekhwalithi enhle, nokwandisa impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo.
2. Ukwelashwa Kwemishini
Ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukupholisha ibhulashi le-wire, ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu kanye nokuchama kwesihlabathi.
Ukupholisha ibhulashi ukuthi i-roller yebhulashi iqhutshwa injini, futhi i-roller yebhulashi ijikeleza ngesivinini esiphezulu ezindaweni ezingaphezulu neziphansi zomugqa ohlangothini oluphambene nokunyakaza kwesiqephu esigoqayo ukuze kususwe isikali se-oxide. Isikali se-iron oxide esixutshiwe sigezwa ngesistimu yokugeza amanzi ajikelezayo ajikelezayo.
Ukudubula isibhamu kuyindlela yokusebenzisa amandla aphakathi nendawo ukusheshisa iprojectile futhi uyifake endaweni yokusebenza ukuze kukhishwe nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu akuguquki kahle futhi kunqunyelwe isayithi. Kuyimpumputhe kancane lapho uhlanza i-workpiece, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza amakhona afile endaweni yangaphakathi ye-workpiece engakwazi ukuhlanzwa. Isakhiwo semishini siyinkimbinkimbi, kunezingxenye eziningi ezigqokile, ikakhulukazi izindwani nezinye izingxenye ezigqoka ngokushesha, amahora okulungisa asetshenziswa abantu abaningi, izindleko ziphezulu, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi esisodwa kukhulu. Ukusebenzisa ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu sokwelashwa kwendawo, amandla okuthinta makhulu, futhi umphumela wokuhlanza uyabonakala.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa kwamapuleti amancane okusebenza ngokuchama kungakhubaza kalula ucezu lokusebenza, futhi isibhamu sensimbi sishaya ngaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibhamu siyaqhuma noma ukuchama kwesibhamu) ukuze konakale ingxenye yensimbi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ferroferric oxide ne-ferroferric oxide ayinabo ipulasitiki, izophuka. Ngemva kokuxebuka, ifilimu kawoyela ikhubaza kanye nempahla, ngakho-ke ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu nokuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu akukwazi ukususa ngokuphelele amabala kawoyela endaweni yokusebenza ngamafutha. Phakathi kwezindlela ezikhona zokwelashwa kwendawo yokusebenza, umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuhlanza i-sandblasting. I-Sandblasting ifanele ukuhlanza indawo yokusebenza enezidingo eziphakeme.
3. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Plasma
I-Plasma iqoqo lezinhlayiya ezinhle ezikhokhiswa kahle kanye nezinhlayiya ezingezinhle (kufaka phakathi ama-ion amahle, ama-ion angalungile, ama-electron, ama-radicals mahhala namaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo, njll.). Izindleko eziqondile nezingezinhle ziyalingana. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi i-plasma, okuyisimo sesine lapho udaba lukhona ngaphezu kwezimo eziqinile, eziwuketshezi, neziyigesi-isimo se-plasma. Iphrosesa ye-plasma surface yakhiwe ijeneretha ye-plasma, ipayipi lokulethwa kwegesi kanye nombhobho we-plasma. Ijeneretha ye-plasma ikhiqiza amandla okucindezela okuphezulu kanye nemvamisa ephezulu epayipini lensimbi le-nozzle ukuze livulwe futhi lilawulwe ukuze likhiqize i-plasma enezinga lokushisa eliphansi ekuphumeni okukhanyayo, ngosizo lomoya ocindezelwe I-plasma ifafazwe ebusweni bomsebenzi womsebenzi.
Lapho i-plasma kanye nobuso bento ecutshungulwayo kuhlangana, into iyashintsha futhi kuyenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ubuso buhlanziwe, futhi ukungcola kwe-hydrocarbon okufana namafutha kanye nezithasiselo ezisizayo kususiwe, noma kwaqoshwa futhi kwaqina, noma kwakheka ungqimba oluminyene oluxhumene, noma kwethulwe amaqembu abamba umoya aqukethe umoya-mpilo (i-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl), lawa umphumela wokukhuthaza ukunamathela kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokugqoka, futhi uthuthukisiwe ekusetshenzisweni kokunamathela nopende. Ngaphansi komphumela ofanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokwelashwa kwe-plasma kungathola indawo encane kakhulu yokugqoka ephezulu, okuzuzisa ukubopha, ukumboza nokuphrinta. Asikho isidingo seminye imishini, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali nezinye izingxenye eziqinile zokwandisa ukunamathela.
4. Indlela ye-Electrochemical
Ukwelashwa kwe-electrochemical surface kusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-electrode ukuze kwakheke i-coating ebusweni bomsebenzi, ohlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-electroplating ne-anodic oxidation.
Lapho ucezu lokusebenzela luyi-cathode kusixazululo se-electrolyte. Inqubo yokwenza i-coating ebusweni ngaphansi kwesenzo somsinga wangaphandle ibizwa ngokuthi i-electroplating. Isendlalelo se-plating singaba yinsimbi, i-alloy, i-semiconductor noma iqukethe izinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene eziqinile, ezifana ne-copper plating, i-nickel plating, njll.
Ngenkathi usesisombululo se-electrolyte, ucezu lokusebenza yi-anode. Inqubo yokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni ngaphansi kwesenzo samanje sangaphandle ibizwa ngokuthi i-anodization, njenge-anodization ye-aluminium alloy. Ukwelashwa kwe-oxidation yensimbi kungenziwa ngamakhemikhali noma izindlela ze-electrochemical. Indlela yekhemikhali iwukubeka ucezu lomsebenzi kusixazululo se-oxidizing, bese uncika esenzweni samakhemikhali ukwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bomsebenzi wokusebenza, njenge-bluing yensimbi.
5. Izindlela Zamakhemikhali
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwendlela yamakhemikhali akunawo umthelela wamanje, futhi kusebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwezinto zamakhemikhali ukwenza ungqimba lokucwenga phezu kwendawo yokusebenza. Izindlela eziyinhloko ukwelashwa kokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokufakwa kwe-electroless.
Esixazululweni se-electrolyte, i-workpiece yensimbi ayinaso isenzo samanje sangaphandle, futhi ikhemikhali esesixazululweni ixhumana ne-workpiece ukuze yenze i-coating ebusweni bayo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwefilimu yokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. Okufana ne-bluing, i-phosphating, i-passivation, nokwelashwa kukasawoti we-chromium endaweni yensimbi. Esixazululweni se-electrolyte, ingaphezulu le-workpiece liphathwa nge-catalytically ngaphandle komphumela wamanje wangaphandle. Esixazululweni, ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwezinto zamakhemikhali, inqubo yokufaka izinto ezithile ebusweni bomsebenzi ukuze kwakhiwe i-coating ibizwa ngokuthi i-electroless plating, njenge-electroless nickel, i-Electroless copper plating, njll.
6. Indlela Yokucubungula Okushisayo
Indlela yokucubungula okushisayo iwukuncibilika noma ukusabalalisa izinto ezishisayo ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme zokushisa ukuze kwakhiwe isembozo ebusweni bomsebenzi. Izindlela eziyinhloko yilezi:
1) I-Hot Dip Plating
Inqubo yokufaka ucezu lomsebenzi lwensimbi ensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze kwakheke isihenqo endaweni yayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-hot-dip plating, efana ne-hot-dip galvanizing ne-hot-dip aluminium.
2) I-Thermal Spraying
Inqubo yokufaka i-athomu yensimbi encibilikisiwe nokuyifafaza phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ukuze kwakheke ukunamathela ibizwa ngokuthi isifutho esishisayo, njengokufutha nge-zinc eshisayo kanye ne-aluminium yokufafaza okushisayo.
3) Ukunyathela Okushisayo
Inqubo yokushisisa nokucindezela i-foil yensimbi ebusweni bomsebenzi ukuze kwakhiwe isendlalelo sokumboza ibizwa ngokuthi i-hot stamping, njenge-hot stamping aluminium foil.
4) Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Kwamakhemikhali
Inqubo lapho i-workpiece ithintana nezinto zamakhemikhali futhi ifudunyezwe, futhi into ethile ingena ebusweni bomsebenzi ekushiseni okuphezulu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali, njenge-nitriding ne-carburizing.
7. I-Electrophoresis
Njenge-electrode, i-workpiece ifakwa kupende oncibilikayo oncibilikayo wamanzi noma owenziwe ngamanzi, bese yenza isekethe ngenye i-electrode kupende. Ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu kagesi, isixazululo sokumboza siye sahlukaniswa saba yi-ion resin ekhokhisiwe, ama-cations athuthela ku-cathode, futhi ama-anions athuthela ku-anode. Lawa ma-ion e-resin ashajiwe, kanye nezinhlayiya ze-adsorbed pigment, afakwa nge-electrophores ebusweni bomsebenzi ukuze akhe okokunamathela. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-electrophoresis.
8. Electrostatic Spraying
Ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu kagesi ye-DC high-voltage, izinhlayiya zikapende ezine-athomu eshajwa kabi ziqondiswe ukuthi indizele endaweni yokusebenza eshajwa kahle ukuze zithole ifilimu kapende, ebizwa ngokuthi isifutho esimile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-12-2021