Ukubunjwa kwe-investimenti kungukumboza izingqimba eziningi ze-refractory ebusweni besikhunta se-wax. Ngemva kokuba iqinile futhi yomisiwe, isikhunta se-wax sincibilika ngokushisisa ukuze kutholwe igobolondo elinesikhala esihambisana nokuma kwesikhunta se-wax. Ngemuva kokubhaka, kuthululelwa ku-A indlela yokuthola ama-castings, ngakho-ke kubizwa nangokuthi i-wax casting elahlekile. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, izinqubo ezintsha zokubumba i-wax ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezitholakalayo zokubumba ziyanda. Manje indlela yokususa isikhunta ayisagcini ngokuncibilika, futhi izinto zokubumba azikhawulelwe ezintweni ze-wax. Isikhunta sepulasitiki singasetshenziswa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukulingisa okutholwe ngale ndlela kunokunemba okuphezulu kwe-dimensional kanye namanani aphansi ama-roughness ebusweni, kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi ukulingisa okunembayo.
Isici esiyisisekelo seukutshala imaliukuthi isikhunta esincibilikayo esichithwayo sisetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa igobolondo. Ngenxa yokuthi asikho isidingo sokudweba isikhunta, igobolondo liyingxenye ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlukanisa, futhi igobolondo lenziwe ngezinto eziphikisayo ezinokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa okuphezulu. Ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kungakhiqiza ukulingwa okumise okuyinkimbinkimbi, okunobukhulu obuncane bodonga obungu-0.3mm kanye nobubanzi obuncane bembobo yokuphonsa engu-0.5 mm. Kwesinye isikhathi ekukhiqizeni, ezinye izingxenye ezakhiwe izingxenye ezimbalwa zingahlanganiswa zibe zizonke ngokushintsha isakhiwo futhi zakhiwe ngokuqondile ngokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali. Lokhu kungasindisa ukucubungula amahora omuntu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zensimbi, futhi wenze isakhiwo seukuphonsa izingxenyekunengqondo kakhudlwana.
Isisindo se-castings ekhiqizwa ukutshala izimali ngokuvamile sisuka kumashumi amagremu kuya kumakhilogremu amaningana, noma ngisho namashumi amakhilogremu. Ukulingisa okusindayo kakhulu akufanelekile ukukhishwa kwe-investimenti ngenxa yomkhawulo wokusebenza kwezinto ezibunjwayo kanye nobunzima bokwenza igobolondo.
Ukusakazwa okukhiqizwa ngokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimaliazinqunyelwe izinhlobo zama-alloys, ikakhulukazi ama-alloys okunzima ukuwasika noma ukukhanga, okungabonisa ukuphakama kwawo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kokutshala imali nakho kunokushiyeka okuthile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinqubo, imijikelezo yokukhiqiza emide, izinqubo zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi, nezici eziningi ezithinta ikhwalithi yokulingisa, okufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqiniswe ukukhiqizwa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuphonsa, isici esiphawulekayo sokutshala izimali ukusetshenziswa kwezibunjwa ezincibilikayo ukwenza igobolondo. Isikhunta esisodwa sokutshala imali siyadliwa njalo lapho kukhiqizwa igobolondo. Imfuneko edingekayo ukuze uthole ukulingisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokunemba kobukhulu obuphezulu kanye namanani aphansi ama-roughness aphansi isikhunta sokutshala imali esinokunemba kobukhulu obuphezulu kanye namanani aphansi okugwedla kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwempahla yokubumba (okubizwa ngokuthi into yokubumba), ikhwalithi yokubumba (iphethini esetshenziselwa ukucindezela ukutshalwa kwezimali) kanye nenqubo yokubumba izothinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokutshala izimali.
Ukubunjwa kokutshala imali okwamanje kuvame ukusetshenziswa egobolondweni elenziwe ngezinto eziphikisayo ze-multilayer. Ngemuva kokuthi i-module icwiliswe futhi iboshwe nge-refractory coating, ufafaze i-granular refractory material, bese usula futhi uqine, bese uphinda le nqubo izikhathi eziningi kuze kube yilapho ungqimba lwezinto eziphikisayo lufinyelela ubukhulu obudingekayo. Ngale ndlela, igobolondo lezendlalelo eziningi lenziwa kumojula, evame ukupaka isikhathi esithile ukuze yome ngokuphelele futhi iqine, bese idilizwa ukuze ithole igobolondo lezendlalelo eziningi. Amanye amagobolondo anezingqimba eziningi adinga ukugcwaliswa ngesihlabathi, kanti amanye awagcwali. Ngemuva kokugcoba, zingathululwa ngokuqondile, okubizwa ngokuthi igobolondo eliphezulu lamandla.
Izinga legobolondo lihlobene ngokuqondile nekhwalithi yokubunjwa. Ngokwezimo zokusebenza zegobolondo, izidingo zokusebenza zegobolondo ikakhulukazi zifaka:
I-1) Inamandla okushisa ajwayelekile aphezulu, amandla afanele okushisa aphezulu namandla aphansi ayinsalela.
2) Inomoya omuhle wokungena komoya (ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokungena komoya) kanye ne-thermal conductivity.
I-3) I-coefficient yokwandisa yomugqa incane, ukunwetshwa okushisayo kuphansi futhi ukunwetshwa kufana.
4) Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu emakhazeni asheshayo nokushisa nokuzinza kwe-thermochemical.
Lezi zakhiwo zegobolondo zihlobene eduze nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwegobolondo kanye nenqubo yokwenza igobolondo. Izinto zegobolondo zihlanganisa izinto eziphikisayo, izibophezelo, izincibilikisi, iziqinisi, ama-surfactants, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-refractory material kanye ne-binder yakha igobolondo ngokuqondile, okuyinhloko yegobolondo. Izinto eziphikisayo ezisetshenziswa ekubunjweni kokutshalwa kwezimali ikakhulukazi isihlabathi se-silica, i-corundum ne-aluminosilicate refractories (njengobumba oluphikisayo ne-aluminium banadium, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa isihlabathi se-zircon nesihlabathi se-magnesia.
Izinto eziphikisayo eziyimpuphu kanye ne-binder zilungiswa zibe ukumbozwa kwe-refractory, futhi i-granular refractory material ifafazwa ku-refractory coating lapho igobolondo lenziwa. Izibophezelo ezisetshenziswa ezimbotsheni ze-refractory ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa i-ethyl silicate hydrolysate, ingilazi yamanzi ne-silica sol. Upende olungiselelwe nge-ethyl silicate unezinto ezinhle zokumboza, amandla egobolondo aphezulu, ukuwohloka okuncane kokushisa, ukunemba okuphezulu kwe-dimensional ye-castings etholiwe, kanye nekhwalithi enhle yendawo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwensimbi ebalulekile ye-alloy nokunye ukulingisa okunezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Okuqukethwe kwe-SiO2 kwe-ethyl silicate ekhiqizwa e-China ngokuvamile i-30% kuya ku-34% (ingxenyana yobuningi), ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-ethyl silicate 32 (32 imele ingxenyenamba ye-mass eyisilinganiso ye-SiO2 ku-ethyl silicate). I-Ethyl silicate ingadlala indima ebophezelayo kuphela ngemva kwe-hydrolysis.
Igobolondo lokumboza elilungiselelwe ngengilazi yamanzi kulula ukuguqula nokuqhekeka. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ethyl silicate, ama-castings akhiqizwayo anokunemba okuphansi kwe-dimensional kanye nobulukhuni obuphezulu. I-glass binder yamanzi ifaneleka ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezincane ezijwayelekile zensimbi kanyeama-alloy castings angenayo i-ferrous. Ingilazi yamanzi yokufaka utshalomali ngokuvamile inemodulus engu-3.0~3.4 kanye nokuminyana okungu-1.27~1.34 g/cm3.
I-Silica sol binder iyisisombululo esinamanzi se-silicic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-silica sol. Intengo yayo ingu-1/3~1/2 ephansi kunaleyo ye-ethyl silicate. Izinga le-castings elikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-silica sol njenge-binder liphakeme kunalelo lengilazi yamanzi. I-ejenti ebophayo ithuthukiswe kakhulu. I-silica sol inokuzinza okuhle futhi ingagcinwa isikhathi eside. Ayidingi ama-hardeners akhethekile lapho wenza amagobolondo. Amandla okushisa aphezulu egobolondo angcono kunalawo amagobolondo e-ethyl silicate, kodwa i-silica sol inokumanzisa okungekuhle ekutshalweni kwezimali futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuqina. Izinqubo eziyinhloko zokwenza amagobolondo zihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwe-module, ukumboza nokufaka isihlabathi, ukumisa nokuqiniswa, ukudiliza nokugazinga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-11-2021