Njengoba sonke sazi, ukutshala imali kukhiqiza iukusakazangokunemba okunembayo kanye nesiphetho esihle. Nokho, ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwaukutshala imali, kuningi okungenzeka kube nokukhubazeka okujwayelekile kokulingisa. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kobunjiniyela namathuluzi athuthukile, singathola indlela yokuvimbela izinkinga ezinjalo ngokuhlaziya izimbangela. Ngezansi, sethula izici eziningana ezivamile zokuphonsa kanye nezimbangela zazo nezindlela zokuvimbela. Sethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko siwusizo kumakhasimende ethu ukuthi aqonde izinkinga futhi kozakwethu, lokhu kuhlaziya kungakusiza ukuvimbela ukonakala okungaba khona.
Isithiyo esingaphansi nesibandayo
1. Incazelo yenkinga:
I-undercasting ngokuvamile ayinayo inyama endaweni odongeni oluncane lwe-casting noma kude nomgijimi wangaphakathi, futhi umkhawulo wayo unomumo we-arc. Ukwahlukanisa okubandayo ukuthi imicu emibili yensimbi encibilikisiwe ayihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele futhi kukhona amalunga asobala.
2. Isizathu:
1) Insimbi encibilikisiwe ephansi ethela izinga lokushisa kanye nokushisa kwesikhunta
2) Isivinini sokuthela sihamba kancane noma ukulungiselelwa komgijimi akunangqondo, ukugeleza kwensimbi kude kakhulu
3) Ukuqina kodonga lokubunjwa kuncane kakhulu, futhi ukugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kubi
4) Sika ngesikhathi sokuthulula
3. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
1) Khulisa izinga lokushisa lensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye nezinga lokushisa lesikhunta
2) Khulisa isivinini sokuthulula noma ukhuphule inombolo noma indawo yomgijimi wangaphakathi ukuze unciphise ukugeleza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe
3) Khulisa ikhanda elicindezelayo lesikhuphukeli esithelayo ukuze uvimbele ukusikwa ngesikhathi sokuthela
Ukuncipha
1. Incazelo yenkinga:
Ingatholwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray. Ukuncipha kwendawo kungatholwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-fluorescence noma ukuhlola amabala. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingatholakala ngemva kokuvunguza kwesihlabathi.
2. Isizathu:
I-1) Isakhiwo sokuphonsa asinangqondo, futhi izindawo ezishisayo ziningi kakhulu noma zikhulu kakhulu
2) Umthamo wokushisa wesikhuphukeli esithululwayo mancane, ohlulekayo ukwenza ukuqina okulandelanayo, noma ikhanda lokucindezela lincane, okunciphisa amandla okudla.
3) Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liphansi, izinga lokupholisa liyashesha, futhi isiteshi sokuphakela sivinjiwe
3. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
I-1) Thuthukisa isakhiwo sokuphonsa futhi unciphise izindawo ezishisayo
2) Setha isikhuphukeli ngokunengqondo, noma wengeze ubambo oluncelisayo olungasuswa ngezindlela zokucubungula, khulisa ikhanda lokucindezela, ukuzeukukhishwa kwezimaliingaqiniswa ngokulandelana ngaphansi kwesenzo sekhanda elithile lokucindezela
3) Khulisa ngokufanelekile izinga lokushisa lokuthulula kanye nezinga lokushisa lesikhunta ukuze ubambezele izinga lokupholisa
I-Hot crack
1. Incazelo yenkinga:
Imifantu ye-intergranular engavamile ikhiqizwa phezulu noma ngaphakathi, futhi ingaphezulu i-oxidized. Ingabonakala ngemva kokuhlanza isihlabathi okunzima, futhi ukucubungula okuncane kuphela noma ukuhlolwa kokungena kungatholakala.
2. Izimbangela:
I-1) Ihlobene nokwakheka kwe-alloy, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ne-silicon kuphezulu, izinga lokushisa lesigaba esiqinile-uketshezi likhulu, futhi ukuqhekeka okushisayo kulula.
2) Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lesikhunta, ukubuyiseleka okungekuhle kanye nezinga lokupholisa ngokushesha
3) Ubukhulu bokubunjwa buyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi i-fillet yenguquko incane kakhulu
3. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
I-1) Kuma-alloys noma ama-steels athambekele ekuqhekekeni okushisayo, okuqukethwe kwawo kwekhabhoni ne-silicon kufanele kulawulwe ngangokunokwenzeka emikhawulweni emaphakathi nephansi.
2) Khulisa izinga lokushisa lesikhunta ngesikhathi sokuthulula, yehlisa izinga lokupholisa lokubunjwa, noma unciphise amandla egobolondo lesikhunta.
I-3) Faka izimbambo zenqubo yokulwa nokuqhekeka emalungeni obukhulu be-castings, noma ukhuphule izibopho zoshintsho.
I-Cold Crack
Igama Nezimpawu:
Kukhona imifantu eqhubekayo yokungena ekulingiseni. Indawo ecwebezelayo noma indawo ene-oxidized kancane ibonakala lapho kuphuka khona.
Izimbangela
1. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa yokukhipha, ukuncipha kuyavinjelwa, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okushisayo nokucindezeleka koshintsho lwesigaba, futhi lezi zingcindezi zidlula amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo esimweni sokunwebeka futhi zibangele ukuphuka.
2. Enkambweni yokuhlanza igobolondo, ukusika isango, ukuphakama noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ukukhishwa ngokucindezeleka okusalayo kungaphansi kwamandla angaphandle ukuze kubangele ukuphuka.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela
1. Engeza izimbambo eziqinisayo emifantwini ebandayo ukuze uthuthukise ukuhlehla kwesimo, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ukumelana nokuncipha kanye nokucindezela kokuphonsa.
2. Enqubweni yangemva kokulingisa, gwema umthelela onzima phakathi kokulingisa.
Imbobo yokuphefumula
Igama Nezici
Kunezimbobo ezisobala noma ezingabonakali ezinobuso obushelelezi obungaphakathi ekubunjweni.
Izimbangela
1. Ukungena komoya okungalungile kwegobolondo lesikhunta, okwenza kube sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuthi igesi esemgodini ingakhishwa ngesikhathi sokuthululwa.
2. Ukudubula okunganele kokuma kwegobolondo, okuholela ekususweni okwanele kwezinsalela zezinto zokubunjwa kanye nezinto ezikhiqiza igesi kumpahla yegobolondo.
3. Okuqukethwe kwegesi yoketshezi lwensimbi kuphezulu kakhulu, kubangela ukubola okungekuhle.
4. Ukuhlelwa kwesimiso sokuthulula akunangqondo, okwenza igesi yomuntu ihileleke ekuthululeni.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela
1. Thuthukisa ukungena komoya kwegobolondo futhi wengeze ama-vent uma kunesidingo.
2. Igobolondo eliqhunyiswe ngokugcwele.
3. Thuthukisa izindlela ze-deoxidation.
4. Thuthukisa uhlelo lokungena.
I-Casting Pitting
Igama Nezici
Kukhona imigodi eminyene efana nechashazi endaweni yokusakaza.
Izimbangela
1. Uma i-ethyl silicate isetshenziswa njenge-binder, i-hydrolyzate engaphelele isendleleni yokugqoka, umswakama ongaphakathi wasendlini uphansi kakhulu, ukuze i-hydrolyzate ingakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili nge-hydrolyzed, futhi "isithwathwa esimhlophe" sincibilika ngemva kokugcoba.
2. Uma ingilazi yamanzi isetshenziswa njengesibophelelo, usawoti osele egobolondweni lesikhunta uhlangana nensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze kwakhe umgodi.
3. Insimbi encibilikisiwe ayikhishwanga kahle emzimbeni noma i-slag ayihlanzwa ngesikhathi sokuthepha.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela:
1. Uma usebenzisa i-ethyl silicate njengesibophezelo, khulisa ngokufanelekile inani lamanzi angeziwe futhi ukhuphule umswakama ohlobene westudiyo sikapende ukuze unciphise ama-hydrolysates asele angaphelele.
2. Uma usebenzisa ingilazi yamanzi njengesibophezelo, hlanza igobolondo ngamanzi ane-asidi ngemva kokukhipha ingcina.
3. Shintsha i-surface coating ibe yi-silica sol njenge-binder.
4. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, qinisa i-deoxidation nokususwa kwe-slag.
Ukusakaza Iphinikhodi engaphansi kwesikhumba
Igama Nezici
Ngemva kokuba ubuso bokubunjwa bupholishiwe, amachashaza amancane amnyama avela. Lesi simo ngokuvamile senzeka kui-nickel-chromium insimbi engenasicil.
Izimbangela:
1. Kusetshenziswa izinto eziningi ezigaywe kabusha ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwensimbi, noma okugaywe kabusha akuzange kuphathwe ngendlela efanele.
2. Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika, insimbi encibilikisiwe i-oxidized noma insimbi encibilikisiwe imunca igesi, okuholela ekunciphiseni okwanele kwe-deoxidation.
3. Okuqukethwe ukungcola kwempahla yegobolondo kuphezulu kakhulu, noma i-ejenti yokubopha kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe inokusabela kwamakhemikhali.4. Ukulungiselelwa okungenangqondo kwesistimu yokugenca.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela:
1. Lawula noma unciphise inani lempahla egaywe kabusha, futhi impahla egaywe kabusha idinga ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokuvunguza kwesihlabathi noma ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu.
2. Lawula ngokuqinile inqubo yokuncibilikisa futhi uqinise ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation.
3. Sebenzisa i-corundum ehlanganisiwe, isihlabathi se-zircon ne-silica sol noma upende we-ethyl silicate.
4. Zama ukusebenzisa indlela yomjovo ongezansi ukuze uthele futhi ukhulise izimbobo zokuphuma.
Isihlabathi Esinamathelayo
Igama Nezici
Kukhona ungqimba lwesihlabathi olunamathelayo eduze komgijimi noma ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulingisa, futhi kukhona ama-burrs aphakanyisiwe noma imigodi ngemuva kokuvunguza kwesihlabathi.
Izimbangela
1. Okuqukethwe ukungcola kwempushana ephikisayo esetshenziswa ongqimbeni olungaphezulu kwendawo enamathelayo kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi lokhu kungcola kusabela ngensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze kwakhe indawo ephansi yokuncibilika eutectic.
2. Izinga lokushisa elithelayo liphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amabanga ensimbi aqukethe i-Al, Ti nezinye izakhi, okubangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe nesilika.
3. Ukumiswa kwesistimu yokugenca akunangqondo, futhi inani elikhulu lensimbi encibilikisiwe ligeleza kumgijimi wangaphakathi, okubangela ukushisa kwendawo.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela
1. Sebenzisa i-jade yensimbi ehlanganisiwe noma isihlabathi se-zircon esikhundleni se-silica sand, futhi uzame ukungasebenzisi ingilazi yamanzi njengesibophezelo.
2. Yehlisa ngokufanelekile izinga lokushisa lokuthulula.
3. Engeza umgijimi wangaphakathi ukuze ulungise ibhalansi yokushisa futhi unciphise ukushisa kwasendaweni.
I-Dilatant
Igama Nezici
Ukuvuvukala kwendawo endizeni enkulu yokuphonsa, lesi simo sibonakala ngokucacile uma usebenzisa ingilazi yamanzi njengesibophezelo.
Izimbangela
1. Isakhiwo sokulingisa asinangqondo futhi indawo yendiza inkulu kakhulu.
2. Igobolondo linamandla aphansi ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi alikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kwensimbi encibilikisiwe.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela
1. Thuthukisa isakhiwo, engeza izimbambo zenqubo noma ukucubungula izimbobo endizeni.
2. Uma wenza igobolondo, sebenzisa izinto zegobolondo ezinokungcola okuncane kanye ne-refractoriness ephezulu, noma ukwandisa ubukhulu begobolondo.
I-Slag
Igama Nezici
Kukhona i-slag noma enye imfucumfucu ngaphakathi noma ngaphezulu kokuphonsa. Ukufakwa kwangaphakathi kudinga ukutholwa nge-X-ray noma ukuhlolwa kazibuthe.
Izimbangela
1. Izinto ze-slag zincane kakhulu futhi azihlanzwa ngaphambi kokuthepha.
2. Imfucumfucu ebhodini lokudonsa le-crucible ayizange ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokuthepha futhi yalethwa ensimbi encibilikisiwe.
3. Uma uphonsa, ukugcinwa kwe-slag akukuhle, futhi i-slag ingena emgodini ngensimbi encibilikisiwe.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela
1. Lungisa ukwakheka kwezinto ze-slag ngaphambi kokuthepha ukuze ukwandise i-viscosity yezinto ze-slag futhi wenze kube lula ukususa i-slag.
2. Hlanza imfucumfucu engaphambili lensimbi ukuze ugweme ukuletha ukungcola ensimbi encibilikisiwe elayinini.
3. Ngaphambi kokubunjwa, okubunjiweyoinsimbikufanele ihlaliswe kahle ukuze kube lula ukuntanta kwe-slag.
4. Thatha i-teapot yokuthulula i-ladle nge-slag stopper noma isihlungi se-ceramic.
I-Decarburization
Igama nezici
Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kongqimba olungaphezulu lokulingisa kungaphansi kwalokho kwe-matrix.
Izimbangela
1. Ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, izinga lokushisa lensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye nesikhunta liphezulu, futhi izinga lokuqiniswa kokubunjwa lihamba kancane.
2. Ukujula kwesendlalelo se-decarburization kuhlobene nomkhathi wendawo yokupholisa yokuphonsa. Ukugcwala okukhulu komkhathi we-oxidizing, kubi kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-carburization.
Izindlela Zokuvimbela
1. Yehlisa ngokufanelekile izinga lokushisa lokuphonsa kanye nezinga lokushisa lesikhunta ukusheshisa izinga lokupholisa.
2. Yenza ngokuzenzela umoya onciphisa isikhunta, njengokwengeza i-barium carbonate nempushana yamalahle esikhunjeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-22-2021