Ukwenza okujwayelekile, okubuye kwaziwe njengokujwayelekile, ukushisa isiqeshana sokusebenzela ku-Ac3 (i-Ac isho izinga lokushisa lokugcina lapho yonke i-ferrite yamahhala iguqulwa ibe yi-austenite ngesikhathi sokushisisa, ngokuvamile isuka ku-727°C iye ku-912°C) noma i-Acm (i-Acm Ingokoqobo). ukushisa, umugqa wokushisa obalulekile we-austenitization ephelele yensimbi ye-hypereutectoid ingu-30 ~ 50 ℃ ngaphezu kuka-30 ~ 50 ℃ isikhathi, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwensimbi ikhishwa esithandweni futhi ipholiswe ngokufafaza kwamanzi, isifutho noma ukushaywa umoya ngokushesha kancane kunezinga lokupholisa i-annealing, ngakho-ke isakhiwo esijwayelekile singcono kunesakhiwo sokuthungatha, futhi izici zayo zomshini nazo zithuthukisiwe, ukupholisa kwangaphandle kokujwayelekile isithando somlilo asithathi imishini, futhi ukukhiqiza kuphezulu. Ukuze uthole ama-forging abalulekile anomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, ukushisa okuphezulu (550-650 ° C) kuyadingeka ngemva kokujwayelekile. Inhloso yokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa ukuqeda ingcindezi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokupholisa okujwayelekile nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kanye nepulasitiki. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwamanye amapuleti ensimbi ashisayo ane-alloy ephansi, insimbi ephansi ye-alloy forgings kanye ne-castings, izici ezibanzi zemishini yezinto zokwakha zingathuthukiswa kakhulu, kanye nokusebenza kokusika nakho kuyathuthukiswa.
① Ukujwayela okusetshenziselwa insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi, ubulukhuni ngemva kokujwayelekile buphakeme kancane kunobokubamba, futhi ukuqina nakho kuhle. Ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha ngaphambi kokusika.
② Ukujwayela okusetshenziselwa insimbi ye-carbon steel, kungathatha indawo yokwelashwa kokucisha nokushisa (ukucisha + izinga lokushisa eliphezulu) njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina, noma njengokwelashwa kokuqala ngaphambi kokucinywa kwendawo ngokushisisa okungeniswayo.
③ Ukujwayela okusetshenziselwa insimbi yamathuluzi, insimbi ethwalayo, insimbi eboshiwe, njll., kunganciphisa noma kuvimbele ukwakheka kwama-carbides enethiwekhi, ukuze kutholwe isakhiwo esihle esidingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-spheroidizing annealing.
④ Ukujwayela okusetshenziselwa ukulingisa kwensimbi, kungacolisa ukwakheka kwe-as-cast futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokusika.
⑤ I-normalization esetshenziselwa ama-forgings amakhulu, ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina, ukuze kugwenywe ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okukhulu ngesikhathi sokucisha.
⑥ Ukujwayela okusetshenziselwa i-ductile iron ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni, amandla, nokungagugi, njengokwenziwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nama-crankshafts nezinduku zokuxhuma zezimoto, ogandaganda, nezinjini zikadizili.
⑦ Inqubo yokujwayela yenziwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-spheroidizing kwensimbi ye-hypereutectoid, engasusa usimende wesibili wenethiwekhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi usimende wonke u-spheroidized ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-spheroidizing annealing.
Isakhiwo ngemva kokujwayelekile: Insimbi ye-Hypoeutectoid i-ferrite + pearlite, insimbi ye-eutectoid i-pearlite, insimbi ye-hypereutectoid i-pearlite + i-cementite yesibili, futhi ayiqhubeki.
I-normalizing isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izingcezu zensimbi. Insimbi yokujwayela iyafana ne-anneal, kodwa izinga lokupholisa liphezulu futhi isakhiwo sicolekile. Ezinye izinsimbi ezinezinga lokupholisa elibucayi eliphansi kakhulu zingaguqula i-austenite ibe i-martensite uma ipholiswe emoyeni. Lokhu kwelashwa akukona ukujwayelekile, kodwa kubizwa ngokuthi ukucisha umoya. Ngokuphambene, ezinye izingxenye zokusebenza zezingxenye ezinkulu ezenziwe ngensimbi ezinezinga elikhulu lokupholisa elibalulekile azikwazi ukuthola i-martensite ngisho noma zicinywa emanzini, futhi umphumela wokucisha useduze nokujwayelekile. Ukuqina kwensimbi emva kokujwayelekile kuphakeme kunokwehliswa kwe-annealing. Lapho u-normalization, akudingekile ukupholisa i-workpiece nesithando somlilo njengokungathi u-annealing. Isithando somlilo sithatha isikhathi esifushane futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, i-normalization ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngangokunokwenzeka ukufaka esikhundleni se-annealing ekukhiqizeni. Ngensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-0.25%, ubulukhuni obuzuzwa ngemuva kokujwayelekile bumaphakathi, okulungele ukusika kunokuhushula, futhi ukujwayelekile kusetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukusika nokusebenza. Ngensimbi ye-carbon ephakathi ne-carbon content ka-0.25 kuya ku-0.5%, ingabuye ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusika ngemva kokujwayelekile. Ezingxenyeni ezilayishwe ukukhanya ezenziwe ngalolu hlobo lwensimbi, i-normalization ingasetshenziswa futhi njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina. Ukwenziwa kokujwayelekile kwensimbi yensimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nensimbi ethwalayo wukuqeda ama-carbide enethiwekhi enhlanganweni futhi kulungiselele inhlangano i-spheroidizing annealing.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa kwezingxenye ezijwayelekile zesakhiwo, njengoba i-workpiece evamile inezakhiwo ezingcono eziphelele zemishini kunesimo se-annealing, i-normalization ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina kwezinye izingxenye ezijwayelekile zesakhiwo ezingagcizelelwe futhi ezinezidingo eziphansi zokusebenza ukunciphisa inani lezinqubo, Yonga amandla futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, kwezinye izingxenye ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho ukucisha kusengozini yokuqhekeka, ukujwayelekile kungase kuthathe indawo yokucisha kanye nokushisa njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina.
Ukuze ulawule ukusakaza kwensimbi ngesakhiwo esihle sokusebenza, kunezimemezelo ezimbalwa mayelana nokwenza ukwelashwa kokushisa kujwayelekile.
1. Yenza Izikhundla Ezifanele Zokusakaza Kwensimbi Ezithandweni
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okujwayelekile, ama-castings ensimbi kufanele amiswe endaweni ethile. Azikwazi ukutholakala ngokungahleliwe. Isikhundla esihle ngesikhathi sokujwayelekile singenza izindawo zokutshala izimali zensimbi zishise ziphathwe ngendlela efanayo.
2. Cabanga Ngamasayizi Ahlukene kanye Nokuqina Kwezindonga ngaphambi Kokushisa
Ngokwenziwa kwensimbi okunomumo omude noma ububanzi obuncane, kungcono kakhulu ukuyibeka kahle ukuze ugweme ukonakala. Uma izinsimbi zensimbi ezinengxenye encane kanye nendawo enkulu yengxenye zifudumala esithandweni esifanayo, izinsalela ezinengxenye encane kufanele zibekwe phambi kukahhavini. Ngokusakazwa kwensimbi okuyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi kulezo ezinomumo ongenalutho, kungcono kakhulu ukushisa kuqala ukulingwa kuqala bese ukhuphula izinga lokushisa kancane. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema amaphutha engcindezi ashiywe ekubunjweni kwensimbi okubangelwa inqubo yokushisa esheshayo.
3. Ukupholisa Ngemva Kokujwayela
Ngemuva kokujwayelekile, ama-castings ensimbi kufanele abekwe ngokwehlukana emhlabathini owomile. Ama-casting ashisayo awakwazi ukumbondelana, noma abekwe endaweni emanzi. Lokhu kuzothinta ukupholisa ezigabeni ezihlukene zokulingisa. Amazinga okupholisa ezigabeni ezahlukene azothinta ubulukhuni kulezo zindawo.
Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lamanzi alikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kuka-40℃. Izinga lokushisa likawoyela lingaphansi kuka-80℃.
4. Ukwejwayela Ukusakaza KwamaBanga Ahlukene Ensimbi
Uma amazinga okushisa adingekayo okukhishwa kwensimbi ngezinto ezihlukene afana, angaphathwa ngokushisa kuhhavini eyodwa. Noma, kufanele zishiswe ngokuvumelana nezinga lokushisa elidingekayo lamabanga ahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2021