Izinsimbi zensimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa ziyizingxenye ezibunjwe ngensimbi ye-alloy ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, insimbi enokumelana ne-oxidation, amandla okushisa aphezulu okwanele kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuhle kubizwa ngokuthi insimbi engamelana nokushisa. Insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: insimbi engamelana ne-oxidation kanye nensimbi enamandla okushisa ngokwezakhiwo zayo. Insimbi ye-Anti-oxidation nayo ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engeyona isikhumba. Insimbi yamandla ashisayo isho insimbi enokumelana okuhle ne-oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphezulu namandla aphezulu okushisa. Esimeni sokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okufanayo, isimo se-as-cast sinamandla okushisa aphezulu kunesimo esigoqiwe. Izingxenye zensimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa zithatha ingxenye enkulu emkhakheni wensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.
Ezinye izinsimbi ezine-alloy ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa kunzima ukuzicubungula futhi ziwohloke. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-castings akubizi nje kuphela kunemikhiqizo egoqiwe, kodwa futhi ama-castings anamandla aphezulu okukhuthazela. Ngakho-ke, insimbi engangeni ekushiseni ithatha ingxenye enkulu yensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Ngokungeziwe ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi, amasu okulingisa anembayo angasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo enezindawo ezibushelelezi kanye nobukhulu obunembile. Ukukhishwa kwe-Centrifugal kuvame ukusetshenziselwa amashubhu esithandweni sokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kuqhekeke i-synthetic ammonia ne-ethylene.
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo se-metallographic esimweni esijwayelekile, insimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine: insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa i-pearlite, insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, insimbi ye-ferritic emelana nokushisa, nensimbi ye-austenitic ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.
1. I-Pearlitic Heat-resistant Cast Steel
Izakhi ze-alloying zensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa i-pearlite ikakhulukazi i-chromium ne-molybdenum, futhi inani eliphelele ngokuvamile alidluli u-5%. Ngaphezu kwe-pearlite ne-ferrite, isakhiwo sayo sine-bainite. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunamandla amahle ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokusebenza kwenqubo ku-500-600 ℃. Asetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza izingxenye ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa ngaphansi kuka-600℃, njengamapayipi ensimbi abhayela, izixhumi ze-steam turbine, ama-rotor, izibophelelo, imikhumbi enomfutho ophezulu, amapayipi, njll. , 25Cr2Mo1V, 20Cr3MoWV, njll.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kwe-pearlite kujwayeleke kakhulu noma kucinywe futhi kufakwe umoya ukuze kutholwe isakhiwo esizinzile, izici ezinhle zemishini ezibanzi namandla adingekayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme.
2. Insimbi Yensimbi Emelana Nokushisa I-Martensitic
Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium yensimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa i-martensitic ngokuvamile ingu-7-13%. Inamandla aphezulu ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokugqwala komhwamuko wamanzi ngaphansi kuka-650 ℃, kodwa ukushisela kwayo kubi. I-1Cr13, 2Cr13 equkethe cishe u-12% we-chromium, kanye namabanga ensimbi athuthukiswe kulesi sisekelo njenge-1Cr11MoV, 1Cr12WMoV, 2Cr12WMoNbVB namanye ama-alloys ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwenza izinsimbi ze-steam turbine, ama-discs, shafts, fasteners, 0Cr, 4Cr, 4Cr9, njll. njll. asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamavalvu okukhipha umoya wezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi nawo angama-martensitic amelana nokushisa.
Inqubo evamile yokwelashwa kokushisa kokusakazwa kwensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ye-martensitic ijwayelekile + iyashisa.
3. Insimbi Yensimbi Ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa
Insimbi engavimbeli ukushisa ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa iqukethe i-chromium eyengeziwe, i-aluminium, i-silicon nezinye izakhi, ezakha isakhiwo se-ferrite sesigaba esisodwa, esinokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwegesi ukumelana nokugqwala, kodwa amandla abo okushisa aphezulu aphansi, ekamelweni lokushisa I-brittleness. inkulu futhi ukushisela kubi. Okufana ne-1Cr13SiAl, 1Cr25Si2, njll. Insimbi esakazwayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezithwala umthwalo ophansi futhi ezidinga ukumelana ne-oxidation yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwezinsimbi zensimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-annealing ukuze kwehle ingcindezi, bese kuba nokupholisa ngokushesha (ukuze kudlule ngokushesha endaweni efufuthekayo engu-400-500 ℃).
4. Insimbi ye-Austenitic ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa
Insimbi eqinile ye-Austenitic ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa iqukethe izinto eziningi ezakha i-austenite njenge-nickel, i-manganese, i-nitrogen, njll., emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-600°C, inamandla amahle ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuzinza kwesakhiwo, nokusebenza kahle kokushisela. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokushisa ezisebenza ngaphezu kuka-600°C. Amabanga ajwayelekile angu-1Cr18Ni9Ti (321), 1Cr23Ni13 (309), 0Cr25Ni20 (310S), 1Cr25Ni20Si2 (314), 2Cr20Mn9Ni2Si2N, 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo, njll.
Insimbi ye-Austenitic anti-oxidation ingelashwa ngokwelashwa kokushisa kwesisombululo sokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kutholwe ukubola okuhle okubandayo. Insimbi ye-Austenitic hot-strength iqala ukuphathwa ngokwelashwa kwesisombululo esisezingeni eliphezulu, bese ukwelashwa kokuguga kwenziwa ku-60-100 ℃ ephakeme kunezinga lokushisa elisetshenziswayo ukuze kunzinziswe isakhiwo kanye nokunciphisa isigaba sesibili ukuqinisa i-matrix.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwensimbi Engangeni Ukushisa
Insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye nezingxenye ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emikhakheni yezimboni njengamabhayela, izinjini zesitimu, imishini kagesi, iziko lezimboni, kanye nezimboni zezindiza nezephethiloli. Ngaphezu kwamandla okushisa aphezulu kanye ne-oxidation ephezulu yezinga lokushisa nokumelana nokugqwala, lezi zingxenye nazo zidinga ukuqina okwanele, ukusebenza kahle nokushisela, kanye nezinga elithile lokuzinza kwesakhiwo ngokusho kokusetshenziswa okuhlukene.
Amanye Amabanga Ensimbi Engazweli Ukushisa kanye Nezicelo Zawo | |
| Ibanga Lensimbi | Izinga Lokushisa Ezisebenzayo Nezicelo |
| 00Cr12 | Ukushisa kwe-Anti-oxidation 600 ~ 700 ℃, esetshenziswa njengokushisa okuphezulu, umzimba we-valve ephezulu, umshini wokushisa |
| 0Cr13Al | Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo liyi-700 ~ 800℃, i-gas turbine compressor blade |
| 1Kr17 | I-Anti-oxidation emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-900 ℃, esetshenziswa njengezingxenye zokushisa okuphezulu namabhomu eziko. |
| 1Kr12 | Ukumelana ne-oxidation namandla okushisa aphezulu ebangeni lokushisa elingu-600 ~ 700℃ futhi kusetshenziselwa izingxenye zokushisa eziphakeme zama-steam turbine blades, ama-nozzles, nama-valve okushisa okubhalisa. |
| 1Kr13 | Izinga lokushisa lokumelana ne-oxidation lingu-700 ~ 800 ℃, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuyafana nalokhu kwensimbi engu-1Cr12 |
| 0Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9Ti | Ukushisa kwe-Anti-oxidation ngaphansi kuka-870 ℃, kungasetshenziswa njengepayipi le-boiler lokushisa elingaphezulu, izingxenye zesithando somlilo, isishintshi sokushisa, isithando somlilo, isiguquli, umlomo wombhobho. |
| 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 0Cr18Ni11Nb | Iyakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokugqwala kanye ne-oxidation ebangeni lokushisa elingu-400 ~ 900 ℃, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwamapayipi izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lingaphansi kuka-850 ℃. |
| 0Cr23Ni13 | Izinga lokushisa le-anti-oxidation lifika ku-980 ℃, elisetshenziselwa ishubhu lomlilo, i-steam turbine blade, umzimba wesithando somlilo, idivayisi yokuguqula i-methane, idivayisi yokuhlukanisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu |
| 0Cr25Ni20 | I-anti-oxidation izinga lokushisa lifika ku-1035 ℃, elisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza izingxenye zesithando somlilo; izingxenye zesistimu yokudlulisa igesi enezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-950 ℃ |
| 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr19Ni13Mo2 | Izinga lokushisa le-anti-oxidation alikho ngaphansi kuka-870 ℃, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lingu-600 ~ 750 ℃, amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa nokufakwa kwesithando somlilo embonini yamakhemikhali nokucwengwa kukawoyela. |
| 0Cr17Ni7Al | Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elithwala izingxenye ezinezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-550 ℃ |
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-10-2021