Kunezizathu eziningiukukhubazeka kokuphonsa isihlabathiempeleniinqubo yokuphonsa isihlabathi. Kodwa singathola izizathu eziqondile ngokuhlaziya amaphutha ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle enqubweni yokubumba kubangela ukukhubazeka ekubunjweni okungenzeka kubekezelelwe ngezinye izikhathi. Ngokuvamile ukukhubazeka kwesihlabathi kungaqedwa ngokulungiswa kwesikhunta esifanele noma izindlela zokulungisa ezifana nokushisela kanye ne-metallization. Lapha kulesi sihloko sizama ukunikeza izincazelo ezithile zokukhubazeka okujwayelekile kwesihlabathi ukuze sithole izizathu kanye namakhambi ngokufanele.
Okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezinkulu zokukhubazeka okungenzeka zenzekeukukhishwa kwesihlabathi:
i) Ukonakala kwegesi
ii) Ukushwabana kwemigodi
iii) Ukukhubazeka kwempahla yokubumba
iv) Ukuthela izinsimbi
v) Ukukhubazeka kwe-Metallurgical
1. Ukukhubazeka Kwegesi
Amaphutha kulesi sigaba angahlukaniswa ngokushaywa nokuvuleka, ukufakwa komoya kanye ne-pin hole porosity. Zonke lezi zinkinga zibangelwa kakhulu ukuthambekela okuphansi kokudlula kwegesi kwesikhunta okungase kube ngenxa yokukhipha umoya okuphansi, ukungena kancane kwesikhunta kanye/noma ukuklama okungalungile kokubunjwa. Ukungena okuphansi kwesikhunta, nakho, kubangelwa usayizi wokusanhlamvu ocolekile wesihlabathi, ubumba oluphakeme, umswakama ophezulu, noma ukugoqa ngokweqile kwesikhunta.
Vula izimbobo futhi uvule amagalelo
Lezi izimbotshana eziyindilinga, eziyisicaba noma ezinde ezikhona ngaphakathi kokulingisa noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezulu, abizwa ngokuthi amagalelo avulekile futhi ngenkathi ngaphakathi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-blow holes. Ngenxa yokushisa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, umswakama uguqulwa ube isitimu, ingxenye yawo lapho ibambeke ekubunjweni igcine iwukushaywa noma njengamagalelo avulekile lapho ufika phezulu. Ngaphandle kokuba khona komswakama, zenzeka ngenxa yokuphefumula okuphansi kanye nokungena okuphansi kwesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi esiluhlaza kunzima kakhulu ukuqeda izimbobo zokushaywa, ngaphandle uma kunikezwa umoya ofanele.
Ukufakwa Komoya
I-atmospheric namanye amagesi amuncwa insimbi encibilikisiwe esithandweni, ku-ladle, futhi phakathi nokugeleza kwesikhunta, lapho kungavunyelwe ukubaleka, ayezovaleleka ngaphakathi kokubunjwa futhi akwenze buthaka. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalesi sici izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuthulula okwandisa inani legesi elimuncwa; ukwakheka okungekuhle kwesango okufana nezihlahla eziqondile ekungeneni okungacindezelwanga, ukugoba okubhobokile kanye neminye imikhuba ebanga isiyaluyalu endaweni yokungena, okwandisa i-aspiraton yomoya futhi ekugcineni ukungeneka okuphansi kwesikhunta ngokwaso. Amakhambi kungaba ukukhetha izinga lokushisa elifanele lokuthulula nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokungena ngokunciphisa isiyaluyalu.
I-Pin Hole Porosity
Lokhu kubangelwa i-hydrogen ensimbi encibilikisiwe. Lokhu kwakungase kulandwe esithandweni noma ngokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwesikhunta. Njengoba insimbi encibilikisiwe iqina, ilahlekelwa izinga lokushisa elinciphisa ukuncibilika kwamagesi, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiphe amagesi ancibilikisiwe. I-hydrogen ngenkathi ishiya insimbi eqinisayo ingadala ububanzi obuncane kakhulu nezimbobo zamaphini ezide ezibonisa indlela yokuphuma. Lolu chungechunge lwezimbobo zamaphini lubangela ukuvuza koketshezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokusebenza. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuthululela okwandisa igesi pick-up.
Ama-Shrinkage Cavities
Lokhu kubangelwa ukuncipha koketshezi okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kokubunjwa. Ukunxephezela lokhu, ukuphakelwa okufanele kwensimbi ewuketshezi kuyadingeka njengomklamo ofanele wokuphonsa.
2. Ukukhubazeka Kwezinto Zokubumba
Ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba kukhona lezo zinkinga ezibangelwa izici zezinto zokubumba. Amaphutha angafakwa kulesi sigaba ukusikeka nokuwashwa, ukungena kwensimbi, ukuhlanganisa, ukuphuma, imisila yamagundane namabhakede, ukuvuvuka nokuwa. Lezi zinkinga zenzeka ikakhulukazi ngoba izinto zokubumba azizona izakhiwo ezidingekayo noma ngenxa ye-ramming engafanele.
Ukusika Nokugeza
Lezi zibonakala njengezindawo ezimahhadlahhadla kanye nezindawo zensimbi eyeqile, futhi zidalwa ukuguguleka kwesihlabathi esibumba insimbi encibilikisiwe egelezayo. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe isihlabathi esibumbayo esingenawo amandla anele noma insimbi encibilikisiwe egeleza ngesivinini esikhulu. Owokuqala ungalungiswa ngokukhetha okufanele kwesihlabathi sokubumba nokusebenzisa indlela efanele yokubumba. Lesi sakamuva singanakekelwa ngokushintsha i-gating design ukunciphisa isiyaluyalu ensimbi, ngokwandisa ubukhulu bamasango noma ngokusebenzisa amasango amaningi angaphakathi.
Ukungena Kwensimbi
Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ingena ezikhaleni phakathi kwezinhlamvu zesihlabathi, umphumela wawuyoba indawo yokubunjwa emangelengele. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi noma ubukhulu bokusanhlamvu besihlabathi bukhulu kakhulu, noma akukho ukugeza kwesikhunta okufakwe emgodini wesikhunta. Lokhu kungase futhi kubangelwe amazinga okushisa aphezulu okuthela. Ukukhetha usayizi wokusanhlamvu ofanelekile, kanye nokugeza isikhunta esifanele kufanele kukwazi ukuqeda lesi sici.
I-Fusion
Lokhu kubangelwa ukuhlangana kwezinhlamvu zesihlabathi nensimbi encibilikisiwe, okunikeza ukubukeka okufiphala, okuyingilazi endaweni yokubunjwa. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sici ukuthi ubumba esihlabathini esibunjwayo buyi-refractoriness ephansi noma ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokuthulula liphezulu kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kohlobo olufanele kanye nenani le-bentonite kungaqeda lesi sici.
Phelile
Ukuphuma kwamanzi kubangwa lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ivuza esikhunjeni. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe ngenxa yokwenziwa kwesikhunta okunephutha noma ngenxa yeflask yokubumba enephutha.
Imisila yegundane namabhakede
Umsila wegundane ubangelwa ukwehluleka kokucindezelwa kwesikhumba sesikhunta ngenxa yokushisa okudlulele ensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa, isihlabathi siyanda, ngaleyo ndlela sihambisa udonga lwesikhunta emuva futhi ngenqubo lapho udonga lunikeza, indawo yokuphonsa ingase ibhalwe njengomugqa omncane, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. , indawo yokulingisa ingase ibe nenani lemigqa emincane ewela i-criss. Amabhakede yimisila yamagundane eqinile. Isizathu esiyinhloko salezi zinkinga ukuthi isihlabathi esibumbayo sinezindawo zokunweba ezimbi namandla ashisayo noma ukushisa kwensimbi ethela kuphezulu kakhulu. Futhi, isihlabathi esibheke esetshenziswayo asinayo impahla ye-carbonaceous eyanele ukuze inikeze umphumela odingekayo wokugoba. Ukukhetha okufanele kwezithako zesihlabathi ezibhekene nezinga lokushisa lokuthulula kuyizinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuvela kwalezi zici
Vuvukala
Ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla e-metallostatic, udonga lwesikhunta lungase luhlehle lubangele ukuvuvukala kobukhulu bokubunjwa. Ngenxa yokuvuvukala, izidingo zokuphakelwa kwe-castings ziyanda okufanele zinakekelwe ngokukhetha okufanele kokukhuphuka. Imbangela enkulu yalokhu inqubo yokwenziwa kwesikhunta enephutha eyamukelwayo. I-ramming efanele yesikhunta kufanele ilungise lesi sici.
Yehlisa
Ukuwa kwesihlabathi esibumbayo esixegayo noma izigaxa ngokuvamile zisuka endaweni ezungezile ziye endaweni yokubumbela yikona okuyimbangela yalesi sici. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuqhuma okungalungile kwe-cope flask.
3. Ukuthela Izinkinga Zensimbi
Ama-Misruns nama-Cold Shuts
I-Misrun yenzeka lapho insimbi ingakwazi ukugcwalisa isikhunta ngokuphelele futhi ngaleyo ndlela ishiya izimbotshana ezingagcwalisiwe. Ukuvala okubandayo kubangelwa lapho izifudlana ezimbili zensimbi ngenkathi zihlangana endaweni yokubunjwa zingahlangani kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukungaqhubeki noma indawo ebuthaka ekubumbeni. Kwesinye isikhathi isimo esiholela ekuvaleni okubandayo singabonwa lapho kungekho abacijile abakhona ekubumbeni. Lezi ziphambeko zibangelwa ngokuyisisekelo ukumanzi okuphansi kwensimbi encibilikisiwe noma ukuthi ukushuba kwesigaba sokubunjwa kuncane kakhulu. Lokhu kwakamuva kungalungiswa ngomklamo ofanele wokulingisa. Ikhambi elitholakalayo ukukhulisa uketshezi lwensimbi ngokushintsha ukwakheka noma ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lokuthulula. Lesi sici singase futhi sibangelwe lapho amandla okususa ukushisa anyuswa njengalapho kunesikhunta sesihlabathi esiluhlaza. Abalingisi abanesilinganiso esikhulu sendawo-to-volomu cishe bathambekele kulobu bubi. Lesi sici siphinde sibangelwa isikhunta esingavuthi kahle umoya ngenxa yomfutho ongemuva wamagesi. Amakhambi ngokuyisisekelo athuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhunta.
I-Slag Inclusions
Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika, i-flux yengezwa ukuze kukhishwe ama-oxides angathandeki nokungcola okukhona ensimbi. Ngesikhathi sokushaya, i-slag kufanele isuswe kahle ku-ladle, ngaphambi kokuba insimbi ithululelwe esikhunjeni. Uma kungenjalo, noma iyiphi i-slag engena emgodini wesikhunta izobe yenza buthaka ukubunjwa futhi yonakalise ubuso bokubunjwa. Lokhu kungaqedwa ngezinye zezindlela zokubamba i-slag njengokuthulula izikrini zesitsha noma izandiso zokugijima.
4. Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Metallurgical.
Izinyembezi Ezishisayo
Njengoba insimbi inamandla aphansi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, noma yikuphi ukucindezelwa kokupholisa okungafuneki kungase kubangele ukugqashuka kokusakaza. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuklama okungalungile kokulingisa.
Izindawo Ezishisayo
Lokhu kudalwa ukugodola kokulingisa. Isibonelo, ngensimbi empunga enenani elincane le-silicon, insimbi eqinile emhlophe eqinile ingase ibangele endaweni ebandayo. Le ndawo eshisayo izophazamisa ukwenziwa kwemishini okulandelayo kwalesi sifunda. Ukulawulwa kwe-metallurgical efanele kanye nezinqubo zokupholisa kubalulekile ekuqedeni izindawo ezishisayo.
Njengoba kubonisiwe ezigabeni ezingaphambili, amakhambi kwezinye iziphambeko nawo ayimbangela yabanye. Ngakho-ke, unjiniyela we-Foundry kufanele ahlaziye ukusakaza kusuka endaweni yokubuka yokusetshenziswa kwayo kokugcina futhi ngaleyo ndlela afike enqubweni efanele yokubumba ukuze asuse noma anciphise amaphutha okuphonsa angathandeki kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-26-2021