I-cobalt-based alloy iyingxube eqinile engakwazi ukumelana nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokugqoka, ukugqwala kanye ne-oxidation yokushisa ephezulu. Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt asekelwe ku-cobalt njengengxenye eyinhloko, equkethe inani elikhulu le-nickel, izakhi zamakhemikhali alloying njenge-chromium, i-tungsten kanye nenani elincane lezakhi ze-alloying ezifana ne-molybdenum, i-niobium, i-tantalum, i-titanium, i-lanthanum, ne-iron ngezikhathi ezithile. . Ngokusho kokwakheka okuhlukile kwe-alloy, ingxubevange esekwe ku-cobalt ingenziwa ibe yintambo yokushisela, kanti impushana ingasetshenziselwa ukushisela indawo eqinile, ukufutha okushisayo, ukushisela isifutho nezinye izinqubo, futhi ingenziwa futhi.ukusakaza, ama-forging kanye nezingxenye ze-powder metallurgy. Kuhlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa kokugcina, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt angahlukaniswa abe ama-alloys angagugi asekelwe ku-cobalt, ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt aphezulu okushisa kanye nama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt aphikisana nokugqwala. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokusebenza, zombili azikwazi ukuguga kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu zimelana noma aziguge futhi azikwazi ukugqwala. Ezinye izimo zokusebenza zingase futhi zidinge izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuguga nokumelana nokugqwala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izinzuzo ezicacile ze-cobalt-based alloys.
Izakhiwo ze-Cobalt-Based Alloys
Ama-carbides amakhulu kuma-superalloys asekelwe ku-cobalt yi-MC, M23C6 kanye ne-M6C. Kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, i-M23C6 iyana phakathi kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu nama-dendrites ngesikhathi sokupholisa kancane. Kwamanye ama-alloys, i-M23C6 enhle ingakha i-eutectic nge-matrix γ. Izinhlayiya ze-MC carbide zinkulu kakhulu ukuba zibe nomthelela obalulekile ekuhlukaniseni, ngakho-ke umphumela wokuqinisa ku-alloy awubonakali, kuyilapho ama-carbide ahlakazeke kahle anomphumela omuhle wokuqinisa. I-carbides etholakala emngceleni wokusanhlamvu (ikakhulukazi i-M23C6) ingavimbela ukushelela komngcele wokusanhlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise amandla okukhuthazela. I-microstructure ye-cobalt-based superalloy HA-31 (X-40) iyisigaba sokuqinisa esihlakazekile (CoCrW)6 C-type carbide. Izigaba ze-topological close packed ezivela kwamanye ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, njengesigaba se-sigma ziyingozi futhi zenza i-alloy brittle.
Ukuzinza okushisayo kwama-carbides kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kuhle. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, izinga lokukhula lokuqoqwa kwe-carbide lihamba kancane kunezinga lokukhula lesigaba sika-γ kungxubevange esekelwe ku-nickel, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuphinda lincibilike ku-matrix liphakeme (kufika ku-1100°C) . Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-alloy-based alloy Amandla e-alloy ngokuvamile ayancipha kancane kancane. Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt anokumelana okuhle kokugqwala okushisayo. Isizathu esenza ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt abe ngaphezu kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kulokhu ukuthi indawo encibilikayo ye-cobalt sulfide (njenge-Co-Co4S3 eutectic, 877℃) iphakeme kune-nickel ( Isibonelo, i-Ni-Ni3S2 eutectic (645°C) iphezulu, futhi izinga lokusatshalaliswa kwesibabule ku-cobalt liphansi kakhulu kunalelo Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ama-alloys amaningi asekelwe ku-cobalt anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium kunama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, angakha ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-alkali metal sulfate (njenge-Cr2O3 ungqimba oluvikelayo oludliwe yi-Na2SO4) phezu kwe-alloy , ukumelana ne-oxidation kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ngokuvamile kuphansi kakhulu kunama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel.
Ngokuhlukile kwamanye ama-superalloy, ama-superalloy asekelwe ku-cobalt awaqiniswa yisigaba semvula esi-odelwe esihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ku-matrix, kodwa akhiwe i-matrix ye-austenite fcc eye yaba yisixazululo esiqinile esiqinisiwe kanye nenani elincane lama-carbides asakazwa ku-matrix. I-casting cobalt-based superalloys incike kakhulu ekuqiniseni i-carbide. Amakristalu e-cobalt ahlanzekile ane-hexagonal close packed (hcp) isakhiwo sekristalu esingaphansi kuka-417°C, esishintsha sibe yi-fcc emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Ukuze ugweme lolu shintsho ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa ama-superalloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, cishe wonke ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt ahlanganiswe ne-nickel ukuze kuzinze isakhiwo kusuka kumazinga okushisa asekamelweni kuya endaweni yokuncibilika. Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt anobudlelwane obuyisicaba bokuphuka kwengcindezi, kodwa abonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okushisayo okuphakeme emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1000°C kunamanye amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ukushisa Ukushisa Kwe-Cobalt-based Alloys
Ubukhulu nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya ze-carbide nosayizi wokusanhlamvu kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt azwela kakhuluinqubo yokuphonsa. Ukuze kuzuzwe amandla okukhuthazela adingekayo kanye nezakhiwo zokukhathala ezishisayo zezingxenye ze-cast cobalt-based alloy casting, imingcele yenqubo yokukhipha kufanele ilawulwe. Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt adinga ukwelashwa kokushisa, ikakhulukazi ukulawula ukuna kwama-carbides. Ukuze uthole ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, qala wenze ukwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile esisezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuvamile ekushiseni okungaba ngu-1150 ° C, ukuze wonke ama-carbides ayisisekelo, kuhlanganise namanye ama-carbides ohlobo lwe-MC, ahlakazwe abe yisixazululo esiqinile; ke, ukwelashwa kokuguga kwenziwa ku-870-980 ° C. Yenza i-carbides idume futhi.
Amabanga ajwayelekile we-Cobalt-based Alloys
Amamaki ajwayelekile ama-alloys okushisa aphezulu asekelwe ku-cobalt yilawa: 2.4778 (ngokuvumelana ne-DIN EN 10295)Hayness 188, Haynes 25 (L-605), i-Alloy S-816, UMCo-50, MP-159, FSX-414, X -40, i-Stellite 6B, iBanga lama-31, njll. , izinhlobo zamaShayina ziyi: I-GH5188 (GH188), GH159, GH605, K640, DZ40M njalonjalo.
Izicelo ze-Cobalt-based Alloy Castings
Ngokuvamile, i-cobalt-based superalloys ayinazo izigaba zokuqinisa ezihlangene. Nakuba amandla emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo ephansi (kuphela ama-50-75% ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel), anamandla aphakeme, ukumelana nokukhathala okuhle kokushisa, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, ukushisela okungcono kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okushisayo ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elingu-980°C. Ngakho-ke, ukukhishwa kwe-alloy okusekelwe ku-cobalt kulungele kakhulu ukwenza ama-vanes omhlahlandlela nama-nozzle guide vanes wezinjini zezindiza zezindiza, izinjini zegesi yezimboni, izinjini zegesi yasolwandle, nezimbobo zenjini ye-diesel, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-05-2021