Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza aingxenye yensimbi yangokwezifiso. Ngamunye unesethi yawo yezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukukhethwa kwenqubo zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Inani lempahla edingekayo
- Umklamo wengxenye yensimbi
- Ukubekezelelana Okudingekayo
- Ukucaciswa kwensimbi
- Kudingeka ukuqedwa kobuso
- Izindleko zamathuluzi
- Economics of machining ngokumelene nezindleko zenqubo
- Izidingo zokulethwa
Iyasakaza
Inqubo yokuphonsa ihlanganisa ukuthela noma ukujova insimbi encibilikisiwe esikhunjini esiqukethe umgodi onomumo odingekayo weukusakaza. Izinqubo zokuphonsa insimbi zingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesikhunta noma ngokucindezela okusetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa isikhunta ngensimbi ewuketshezi. Uma ngohlobo lwesikhunta, inqubo yokulingisa ingahlukaniswa ibe ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi, ukubunjwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye ne-metal die cast; kuyilapho uma ngokucindezela okusetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa isikhunta, inqubo yokuphonsa ingahlukaniswa ibe ukukhishwa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi ephansi kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu.
Izisekelo Zokusakaza
Ukusakaza kuyinqubo yokuqinisa. Ngakho-ke, i-microstructure ingashunwa kahle, njengesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nemvula. Kodwa-ke, amaphutha afana ne-shrinkage porosity, imifantu kanye nokuhlukaniswa nakho kuhlotshaniswa ngokuseduze nokuqina. Lezi ziphambeko zingaholela ekunciphiseni izakhiwo zemishini. Ukwelashwa kokushisa okulandelayo kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kuncishiswe izingcindezi ezinsalela kanye nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokukhanda.
Izinzuzo Zokusakaza:
- Imikhiqizo yokukhipha insimbi emikhulu neyinkimbinkimbi ilula.
- Izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza, ngokukhethekileyo ngomugqa wokubumba othomathikhi.
- Ukuguquguquka kwedizayini kuyatholakala futhi kufanelekile.
- Insimbi ehlukahlukene etholakalayo: insimbi empunga, i-ductile iron, i-carbon steel, i-alloy steel,insimbi engagqwali, ingxubevange ye-aluminium, ithusi, ithusi ne-zinc alloy.
Ukungalungi kokusakaza:
- Amaphutha ngaphakathi kokulingisa
- I-shrinkage porosity
- Metallic projections
- Imifantu, ukuklebhuka okushisayo, ukuvala amakhaza
- Imilenze, ama-oxides
- Ukungasebenzi kahle, ivolumu eyanele
- Okufakiwe
- Idinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo eseduze nokuhlolwa (i-porosity ingenzeka)
Ukuqamba
I-Forging iyinqubo yokukhiqiza lapho insimbi ibunjwa ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ibe izingxenye ezinamandla kakhulu. Ngokuya ngokuthi uma isikhunta sokubumba sisetshenziswa, inqubo yokubumba ifakwa ku-open die forging kanye ne-closed die forging. Kodwa uma ngezinga lokushisa lensimbi efojiwe kanye nengxubevange ngaphambi kokubumba, inqubo yokubumba ingahlukaniswa ibe ukubumba okubandayo, ukubumba okufudumele kanye ne-hot forging.
Okuyisisekelo Forging
Ukubumba noma ukwakha okubandayo kuyizinqubo ze-metalforming. Akukho ukuncibilika kanye nokuqina okuhambisanayo okuhilelekile. I-deformation yepulasitiki ikhiqiza ukwanda kwenani lokuxoshwa okuholela esimweni esiphezulu sokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Ngempela, ukuqina kobunzima kubangelwa ukusebenzisana kokugudluzwa nokunye ukuhlukaniswa nezinye izithiyo (njengemingcele yokusanhlamvu). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwakheka kwamakristalu ayisisekelo (ama-dendrites) kuyashintsha ngemva kokusebenza kwepulasitiki yensimbi.
Izinzuzo Zokuqamba:
- Izakhiwo ezinhle zikaMechanical (amandla okukhiqiza, i-ductility, ukuqina)
- Ukuthembeka (okusetshenziselwa izingxenye ezibalulekile)
- Akukho ukwelashwa kwensimbi okuwuketshezi
Ububi bokwenza:
- Ifa ungagcwali
- Ukufa ukwehluleka
- Umumo unomkhawulo lapho kudingeka ama-undercuts noma izigaba ezinezintambo
- Izindleko zizonke ngokuvamile ziphakeme kunokusakaza
- Izinyathelo eziningi zivame ukudingeka
Singase sihlukanise ukusebenza okushisayo nokusebenza okubandayo. Ukusebenza okushisayo kwenziwa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization; ukusebenza okubandayo kwenziwa ngaphansi kwayo. Ekusebenzeni okushisayo ukuqina kokuqina kanye nesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu okuhlanekezelwe kuqedwa ngokushesha ngokwakhiwa kwezinhlamvu ezintsha ezingenaso i-strain ngenxa yokwenziwa kabusha kwekristalu. Ukusabalalisa okusheshayo emazingeni okushisa asebenzayo kusiza ekwenzeni i-homogenizing i-preform. I-porosity yokuqala nayo ingancishiswa kakhulu, ekugcineni ilapheke ngokuphelele. Izigigaba ze-Metallurgical ezifana nokuqina kobunzima kanye nokwenziwa kabusha kwekristalu zibalulekile ngoba lezi zinguquko esakhiweni ziphumela ekwenyukeni kwe-ductility kanye nokuqina phezu kwe-cast state.
Into ebalulekile okufanele ikhunjulwe ukuthi ikhwalithi yezinto kanye nokwelapha ukushisa kungase kube into ebaluleke kakhulu kunomehluko phakathi kokubunjwa nokufoja kwezinye izimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-24-2021