Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iyibanga lensimbi engagqwali ekhiqizwa ngokwezinga le-ASTM laseMelika. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zensimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 cishe iyibanga elivame kakhulu. Ukuminyana kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ngu-7.93 g/cm³. Igama lochwepheshe lensimbi engagqwali engu-304 libizwa nangokuthi insimbi engagqwali engu-18/8, ngoba iqukethe i-chromium engaphezu kuka-18% kanye ne-nickel engaphezu kuka-8%. I-304 insimbi engagqwali imelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (kufika ku-800 ℃), futhi inezici zokusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nokuqina okuphezulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini, embonini yokuhlobisa ifenisha kanye nokudla kanye nemboni yezokwelapha. Ngokwezinga le-ASTM A351, i-CF8 ilingana ne-304 yensimbi engagqwali.
| Igama lesiShayina | 304不锈钢/06Cr19Ni10 (GB/T 3280-2015) | Main Alloy Elements | Ngi, Mo |
| Igama lesiNgisi | I-AISI 304 Stainless Steel, AISI 304 SS | Ukusebenza Magnetic | I-magnetism ebuthakathaka, ngemva kokusebenza okubandayo njengokwelula noma ukugxiviza, i-magnetism izoba namandla (ingakhangwa yizibuthe) |
| Amanye Amagama | I-SUS 304 SS (JIS G4303) noma i-18-8 SS | Izici | Ukumelana nokugqwala (akuvikeleki ngokuphelele ekugqwaleni), ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuqina okuhle |
| Isakhiwo se-Metallographic | I-Austenite |
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi insimbi engagqwali yebanga lokudla engu-304 inezinkomba eziqinile zokuqukethwe kunezinsimbi ezijwayelekile ezingama-304. Isibonelo: incazelo yamazwe ngamazwe yensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ngokuyisisekelo ingu-18% -20% we-chromium kanye no-8% -10% we-nickel, kodwa insimbi engagqwali yebanga lokudla engu-304 ingu-18% we-chromium no-8% we-nickel, evunyelwe shintshashintsha phakathi kwebanga elithile, futhi Ukhawule okuqukethwe kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezihlukahlukene. Ngamanye amazwi, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 ayiyona insimbi engagqwali engu-304.
Izindlela zokulebula ezijwayelekile emakethe zifaka i-06Cr19Ni10 kanye ne-SUS 304, okuthi 06Cr19Ni10 ngokuvamile isho ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kukazwelonke (GB/T 3280-2015), i-AISI 304 ngokuvamile isho ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-ASTM, kanti i-SUS 304 isho ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwaseJapan.
I-304 iyinjongo evamile yensimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza imishini nezingxenye ezidinga inhlanganisela enhle yezakhiwo (ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokwakheka). Ukuze igcine ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo, kufanele ibe ne-chromium engaphezu kuka-18% kanye ne-nickel engaphezu kuka-8%.
I-American Iron and Steel Institute isebenzisa amadijithi amathathu ukucacisa amamaki ajwayelekile ensimbi engagqwali ethambile. ku:
1. Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic ziqokwa ngezinombolo ochungechungeni lwama-200 no-300. Isibonelo, ezinye zezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezivame kakhulu ziqokwa ngu-201, 304, 316 kanye no-310.
2. Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Ferritic ne-martensitic zimelelwa izinombolo zochungechunge ezingu-400.
3. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Ferritic imelelwa ngu-430 no-446. Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Martensitic zimelelwa yi-410, 420 kanye ne-440C. ,
4. Izinsimbi ze-Duplex (austenitic-ferritic), imvula eqinisa izinsimbi ezingenasici, nama-alloy aphezulu anensimbi engaphansi kuka-50% ngokuvamile aqokwa ngamagama obunikazi noma ophawu lokuhweba.
Ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304, i-Ni element ekubunjweni kwayo ibaluleke kakhulu, enquma ngokuqondile ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-304 insimbi engagqwali kanye nenani layo. Izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-304 ziyi-Ni ne-Cr, kodwa azikhawulelwe kulezi zakhi ezimbili. Izimfuneko ezithile zicaciswa ngamazinga omkhiqizo. Isinqumo esivamile embonini ukuthi inqobo nje uma okuqukethwe kwe-Ni kukhulu kune-8% futhi okuqukethwe kwe-Cr kukhulu kune-18%, kungabhekwa njengensimbi engagqwali ye-304. Yingakho imboni ibiza lolu hlobo lwensimbi engagqwali 18/8 insimbi engagqwali. Eqinisweni, izindinganiso zomkhiqizo ezifanele zinemithetho ecace kakhulu ye-304, futhi lawa mazinga omkhiqizo anomehluko othile wesimo esihlukile sensimbi engagqwali. Ngezansi kukhona izindinganiso ezivamile zomkhiqizo nokuhlola. Ukuze unqume ukuthi ingabe into ethile iyinsimbi engagqwali engu-304, kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zento ngayinye ezingeni lomkhiqizo. Uma nje umuntu engahlangabezani nezidingo, angeke abizwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
| Ukwakhiwa Kwamakhemikhali kwe-304 Stainless Steel Ngokusho kwe-ASTM A276 | |||||||
| 304 SS | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| % | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.030 | ≤1.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0-11.0 |
| Ukwakhiwa Kwamakhemikhali kwe-304 Stainless Steel Ngokusho kwe-ASTM A240 | |||||||
| 304 SS | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| % | ≤0.07 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.75 | 17.5–19.5 | 8.0–10.5 |
| Ukwakhiwa Kwamakhemikhali kwe-304 Stainless Steel Ngokusho kwe-JIS G4303 | |||||||
| I-SUS 304 SS | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni |
| % | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.030 | ≤1.00 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0-10.5 |
Izicelo ze-304 Stainless Steel
I-304 insimbi engagqwali iyinsimbi engagqwali ye-chromium-nickel esetshenziswa kakhulu. Njengensimbi esetshenziswa kabanzi, inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla okushisa aphansi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini; ukusebenza kahle okushisayo okufana nokunyathela nokugoba, akukho ukwelashwa kokushisa Into eqinile (izinga lokushisa lokushisa -196℃～800℃). Ukumelana nokugqwala emkhathini, uma kuyindawo yezimboni noma indawo engcoliswe kakhulu, kudinga ukuhlanzwa kusenesikhathi ukugwema ukugqwala. Ifanele ukucubungula ukudla, ukugcinwa kanye nokuthutha. Inokucutshungulwa okuhle nokushisela. Izinto ezishisisa amapuleti, izivunguvungu, imikhiqizo yasendlini (i-tableware yekilasi loku-1 nelesi-2, amakhabethe, amapayipi asendlini, izifudumezi zamanzi, ama-boilers, obhavu), izingxenye zezimoto (ama-windshield wiper, ama-muffler, imikhiqizo ebunjiwe), izinto zikagesi zezokwelapha, izinto zokwakha, amakhemikhali, imboni yokudla. , ezolimo, izingxenye zemikhumbi, njll. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 okuqukethwe kwayo kulawulwa ngokuqinile futhi ingabizwa ngebanga lokudla 304 elingenasici. insimbi.
Iningi lezidingo zokusetshenziswa ukugcina ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni kwesakhiwo isikhathi eside. Lapho kunqunywa uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali okufanele lukhethwe, okucatshangelwayo okuyinhloko izindinganiso zobuhle ezidingekayo, ukubola komkhathi wendawo, kanye nesistimu yokuhlanza okufanele isetshenziswe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ziya ngokuya zifuna kuphela ubuqotho besakhiwo noma ukungaboli kwamanzi. Isibonelo, uphahla kanye nezindonga eziseceleni zezakhiwo zezimboni. Kulezi zicelo, izindleko zokwakha zomnikazi zingase zibaluleke kakhulu kunobuhle, futhi indawo engaphezulu ayihlanzekile kakhulu. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezomile zasendlini. Nokho, ukuze kugcinwe ukubonakala kwayo ngaphandle ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni, ukuhlanzwa njalo kuyadingeka. Ezindaweni ezingcoliswe kakhulu zezimboni nasogwini, indawo engaphezulu ingaba ngcolile kakhulu futhi ingagqwala.
Nokho, ngomphumela wobuhle endaweni yangaphandle, insimbi engagqwali ene-nickel iyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindongeni zamakhethini, ezindongeni ezisemaceleni, ophahleni nakwezinye izinjongo zokwakha, kodwa endaweni yezimboni noma zasolwandle ezonakalisa kakhulu, kukhethwa insimbi engagqwali engu-316. Insimbi engagqwali eshelelayo iminyango, abantu baye baqaphela ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali izicelo kwesakhiwo. I-304 kanye ne-316 yensimbi engenasici ifakiwe kumhlahlandlela wokuklama eminingana. Ngenxa yokuthi i-"duplex" yensimbi engagqwali engu-2205 ihlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle komkhathi namandla aqinile okuqinile nokunwebeka, le nsimbi iphinde ifakwe eziqondisweni zaseYurophu. Izimo Zomkhiqizo Insimbi engagqwali empeleni ikhiqizwa ngohlu olugcwele lwezimo zensimbi ezijwayelekile nosayizi, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezikhethekile ezitholakalayo. Imikhiqizo evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yenziwe ngeshidi kanye ne-strip, kodwa futhi imikhiqizo ekhethekile ikhiqizwa kusuka kumapuleti aphakathi nendawo nasindayo, isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni insimbi yesakhiwo esishisayo kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo ekhishwe. Kukhona futhi amapayipi ayindilinga, amise okweqanda, ayisikwele, angunxande nanezinhlangothi ezine ezishiselwe noma angenamthungo nezinye izinhlobo, okuhlanganisa amaphrofayili, imigoqo, izintambo kanye nokulingisa.
| Izakhiwo ezingokoqobo ze-304 Stainless Steel | Izakhiwo zikaMachanical ze-304 Stainless Steel | ||
| Ukuminyana (20℃,g/cm³) | 7.93 | I-Tensile Strentgh σb (MPa) | ≥515-1035 |
| Izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo (℃) | 1398 - 1454 | Yield Strentgh σ0.2 (MPa) | ≥205 |
| Amandla Okushisa Akhethekile (0~100℃, KJ·kg-1K-1) | 0.5 | Ubude δ5 (%) | ≥40 |
| I-Thermal Conductivity (W·m-1·K-1) | (100℃)16.3, (500℃)21.5 | izinga lokunciphisa endaweni ψ (%) | 40 - 60 |
| I-Coefficient of Linear Expansion (10-6·K-1) | (0-100℃)17.2, (0-500℃)18.4 | Ukuqina | ≤201HBW;≤92HRB;≤210HV |
| Ukumelana (20℃,10-6Ω·m2/m) | 0.73 | ||
| I-Longitudinal Elastic Modulus (20℃, KN/mm2) | 193 | ||
Izizathu zokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304
Isimo sokugqwala sensimbi engagqwali engu-304 singaba nezizathu ezilandelayo:
1. I-Chloride
Ama-ion e-chloride akhona kakhulu, njengosawoti/umjuluko/amanzi olwandle/umoya wolwandle/umhlabathi nokunye. Lapho kukhona ama-ion e-chloride, insimbi engagqwali igqwala ngokushesha, ngisho nangaphezu kwensimbi evamile ephansi ye-carbon. Ngakho-ke, kunezidingo zendawo yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali, futhi idinga ukusulwa njalo ukuze kukhishwe uthuli futhi kugcinwe kuhlanzekile futhi komile. Kunesibonelo e-United States: inkampani isebenzisa isitsha se-oki ukuze ibambe isixazululo esiqukethe i-chloride ion. Isitsha sesisetshenziswe cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kushintshwe ngawo-1990. Ngenxa yokuthi impahla ye-oki ayiyona yesimanje ngokwanele, isitsha sensimbi engagqwali sasetshenziswa izinsuku eziyi-16 ngemuva kokushintshwa. Ukuvuza ngenxa yokugqwala.
2. Ukwelashwa kwesixazululo
Izakhi ze-alloy azincibiliki ku-matrix, okuholela kokuqukethwe kwe-alloy ephansi esakhiweni se-matrix kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okubi.
3. Ukugqwala kwe-Intergranular
Le nto engenayo i-titanium- kanye ne-niobium ijwayele ukugqwala phakathi kwegranular. Ukwengezwa kwe-titanium ne-niobium, kanye nokwelashwa kokuzinzisa, kunganciphisa ukugqwala kwe-intergranular. Insimbi enengxubevange ephezulu ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala emoyeni noma emithonjeni yamakhemikhali egqwalayo. Insimbi engagqwali inobuso obuhle nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ayidingi ukwelashwa okungaphezulu okufana ne-color plating, kodwa kunalokho isebenzisa izici zemvelo zensimbi engagqwali. Isetshenziswa ohlotsheni oluningi luka-A lwensimbi, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali. Ukusebenza kommeleli kuyinsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy efana ne-13 chrome steel kanye ne-18-8 chrome nickel steel. Ngokombono we-metallographic, ngenxa yokuthi insimbi engagqwali iqukethe i-chromium, kwakheka ifilimu encane kakhulu ye-chromium phezulu, ehlukanisa umoya-mpilo ensimbi futhi ibambe iqhaza ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Ukuze kugcinwe ukumelana nokugqwala okungokwemvelo kwensimbi engagqwali, insimbi kufanele ibe ne-chromium engaphezu kuka-12%. Ngezikhathi lapho ukushisela kuyadingeka. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kunciphisa imvula ye-carbide endaweni ethinteke ukushisa eduze nendawo yokushisela, okungaholela ekugqwaleni kwe-intergranular (ukuguguleka kwe-weld) yensimbi engagqwali kwezinye izindawo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2022