1- Kuyini Ukutshala Imali?
Investment Casting, okuyinto eyaziwa futhi ulahle wax Casting nomaukunemba kokulingisa, isho ukwakheka kwe-ceramic ezungeze amaphethini we-wax ukuze kwakheke isikhunta sengxenye eningi noma eyodwa ukuthola insimbi encibilikisiwe. Le nqubo isebenzisa inqubo yephethini ye-wax ebunjwe ngomjovo esebenzisekayo ukuze kuzuzwe amafomu ayinkimbinkimbi anezimfanelo ezihlukile. Ukwakha isikhunta, iphethini ye-wax, noma iqoqo lamaphethini, licwiliswa ezintweni zobumba izikhathi eziningana ukuze kwakhiwe igobolondo eliwugqinsi. Inqubo ye-De-wax ilandelwa inqubo eyomile yegobolondo. Khona-ke igobolondo le-ceramic elingenawax liyakhiqizwa. Insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe isithelwa emigodini yegobolondo le-ceramic noma iqoqo, futhi uma seliqinile futhi selipholile, igobolondo le-ceramic liyanqanyulwa ukuze liveze into yokugcina eyinsimbi.Ukunemba kokutshala imaliingafinyelela ukunemba okukhethekile kuzo zombili izingxenye zokuphonsa ezincane nezinkulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto.
2- Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokutshala Imali?
✔ Isiphetho esihle kakhulu nesibushelelezi
✔ Ukubekezelela okuqinile kwe-dimensional.
✔ Izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi neziyinkimbinkimbi ezinokuvumelana nezimo
✔ Ikhono lokuphonsa izindonga ezincane ngakho-ke ingxenye yokusakaza elula
✔ Ukukhetha okubanzi kwezinsimbi nama-alloys (ayoni futhi angeyona insimbi)
✔ Uhlaka aludingeki ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta.
✔ Yehlisa isidingo somshini wesibili.
✔ Imfucuza yezinto eziphansi.
3- Yiziphi Izinyathelo Zenqubo Yokutshala Imali?
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokutshala izimali, iphethini ye-wax ihlanganiswe ne-ceramic material, okuthi, lapho iqinisiwe, ithathe i-geometry yangaphakathi yokuphonsa okufunayo. Ezimweni eziningi, izingxenye eziningi ziphonswa ndawonye ukuze zisebenze kahle kakhulu ngokunamathisela amaphethini e-wax ngamanye othini lwe-wax olumaphakathi olubizwa ngokuthi i-sprue. I-wax incibilika ngaphandle kwephethini - yingakho yaziwa nangokuthi inqubo ye-wax elahlekile - futhi insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa emgodini. Lapho insimbi iqina, isikhunta se-ceramic siyanyakaziswa, sishiye ukuma kwenetha okuseduze kokubunjwa okufunayo, kulandelwa ukuqeda, ukuhlola nokupakisha.
4- Ngabe I-Investment Castings Isetshenziselwa Yini?
Ama-castings otshalomali asetshenziswa kabanzi kuamaphampu nama-valve, imoto, amaloli,ama-hydraulics, amaloli e-forklift nezinye eziningiizimboni. Ngenxa yokubekezelela ukubunjwa okukhethekile kanye nokuqedwa okuhle kakhulu, ukukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile kuyasetshenziswa kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, iinsimbi engagqwali utshalomali castingszidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi nasezikebheni ngoba zinokusebenza okuqinile kokulwa nokugqwala.
5- Yikuphi Ukubekezelelana Kokusakaza Okungafinyelelwa Isisekelo Sakho Ngokufaka Utshalomali?
Ngokwezinto ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza igobolondo, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kungahlukaniswa kube yi-silica sol casting kanye nengilazi yamanzi. Inqubo yokusakazwa kwe-silica sol yokutshala imali inokubekezelela okungcono kwe-Dimensional Casting (DCT) kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-Geometrical Casting (GCT) kunenqubo yengilazi yamanzi. Nokho, ngisho nangenqubo efanayo yokulingisa, iBanga Lokubekezelela lizohluka ku-alloy ngayinye ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwazo.
Eyethuisisekelo sokutshala imalingingathanda ukukhuluma nawe uma unesicelo esikhethekile mayelana nokubekezelelana okudingekayo. Lapha kulokhu okulandelayo yibanga lokubekezelelana okujwayelekile esingalifinyelela kokubili nge-silica sol casting kanye nezinqubo zokuphonsa ingilazi yamanzi ngokuhlukana:
✔ Ibanga le-DCT nge-Silica Sol Lost Wax Casting: DCTG4 ~ DCTG6
✔ Ibanga le-DCT nge-Water Glass Lost Wax Casting: DCTG5 ~ DCTG9
✔ Ibanga le-GCT le-Silica Sol Lost Wax Casting: GCTG3 ~ GCTG5
✔ Ibanga le-GCT nge-Water Glass Lost Wax Casting: GCTG3 ~ GCTG5
6- Iyini Imikhawulo Yosayizi Wezingxenye Zokutshalwa Kwezimali?
Ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kungakhiqizwa kuwo wonke ama-alloys ukusuka kungxenyana ye-ounce, kuma-brace amazinyo, kuye kwangaphezu kuka-1,000 lbs. (453.6 kg) wezingxenye zenjini yendiza eyinkimbinkimbi. Izingxenye ezincane zingaphonswa emakhulwini esihlahleni ngasinye, kuyilapho ukulingwa okusindayo kuvame ukukhiqizwa ngesihlahla ngasinye. Umkhawulo wesisindo we-investment casting uncike emishini yokuphatha isikhunta ku-uhlelo lokuphonsat. Izinsiza zenza izingxenye ezifika ku-20 lbs. (9.07kg). Kodwa-ke, izikhungo eziningi zasekhaya zandisa amandla azo okuthela izingxenye ezinkulu, kanye nezingxenye ku-20-120-lb. (9.07-54.43-kg) uhla luyaba luvamile. Isilinganiso esivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kokutshala imali ngu-3:1—kuyo yonke i-1-lb. (0.45-kg) wokulingisa, kufanele kube nama-3 lbs. (1.36 kg) esihlahleni, kuye ngokuthi isivuno esidingekayo kanye nobukhulu bengxenye. Isihlahla ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele sibe sikhulu kakhulu kunesakhi, futhi isilinganiso siqinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokuphonsa nokuqinisa, igesi kanye nokuncipha kuzophela esihlahleni, hhayi ukuphonsa.
7- Hlobo Luni Lokuqedwa Kwaphezulu Okukhiqizwa Ngokusakazwa Kwezimali?
Ngenxa yokuthi igobolondo le-ceramic lihlanganiswe eduze kwamaphethini abushelelezi akhiqizwa ngokujova i-wax endaweni epholishiwe ye-aluminium, ukuphonswa kokugcina kuhle kakhulu. Ukuqedwa okuncane okungu-125 rms kujwayelekile futhi nokuqedwa okuhle kakhulu (63 noma 32 rms) kuyenzeka ngemisebenzi yokuphothula okwesibili kwangemuva kokusakazwa. Izikhungo zokuphonsa insimbi ngazinye zinezindinganiso zazo zokulahla amabala, futhi izisebenzi zesikhungo nonjiniyela/amakhasimende abaklami bazoxoxa ngalawa makhono ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-oda lamathuluzi. Amazinga athile ancike ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina kwengxenye nezici zokugcina zezimonyo.
8- Ingabe I-Investment Castings Iyabiza?
Ngenxa yezindleko nokusebenza ngesikhunta, ukukhishwa kwe-investimenti ngokuvamile kunezindleko eziphakeme kunezingxenye ezifojiwe nomaukuphonsa isihlabathikanye nezindlela zokuphonsa isikhunta unomphela. Nokho, benza izindleko eziphakeme ngokunciphisaimishinikuzuzwe ngokubekezelela kwe-as-cast eduze-net-shape. Isibonelo esisodwa salokhu ukusungulwa kwezikhali ze-rocker zezimoto, ezingasakazwa ngekhomishini edingekayo. Abaningiizingxenye zensimbiezidinga ukugaya, ukuphenduka, ukubhoboza nokugaya ukuze kuqedwe kungaba utshalomali olufakwe ngesitoko sokuqeda esingu-0.020-0.030 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa kwe-investimenti kudinga ama-engeli amancane okusalungiswa ukususa amaphethini kumathuluzi; futhi akukho okusalungiswa okudingekayo ukuze kukhishwe ukukhishwa kwensimbi kugobolondo lokutshala izimali. Lokhu kungavumela ukulingisa okunama-engeli angu-90-degree ukuthi akhelwe ngaphandle komshini owengeziwe wokuthola lawo ma-engeli.
9- Yiziphi Izinto Zamathuluzi Nephethini Edingekayo Ekusakazeni Kwengcina Okulahlekile?
Ukuze ukhiqize amaphethini esikhunta se-wax, insimbi yokuhlukanisa i-cavity (enomumo wokubunjwa kokugcina) kuzodingeka yenziwe. Kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi bokubunjwa, inhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yensimbi, i-ceramic noma i-soluble cores ingase isetshenziswe ukuze kuvunyelwe ukucushwa okufunayo. Amathuluzi amaningi okukhipha utshalomali abiza phakathi kuka-$500-$10,000. Amamodeli asheshayo (RP), afana namamodeli we-stereo lithography (SLA), nawo angasetshenziswa. Amamodeli e-RP angadalwa ngamahora futhi athathe ukuma okuqondile kwengxenye. Izingxenye ze-RP zingase ziqoqwe ndawonye futhi zimbozwe ngodaka lwe-ceramic futhi zishiswe ukuze kube nembobo engenalutho ukuze kutholwe ingxenye yokufaka utshalomali eyisibonelo. Uma ukusakaza kukukhulu kunemvilophu yokwakha, izingxenye eziningi ze-RP sub-component zingenziwa, zihlanganiswe zibe ingxenye eyodwa, futhi ziphonswe ukuze kuzuzwe ingxenye yokugcina yesibonelo. Ukusebenzisa izingxenye ze-RP akulungile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu, kodwa kungasiza ithimba lokuklama ukuthi lihlole ingxenye yokunemba nefomu, ukulingana nokusebenza ngaphambi kokuhambisa i-oda lamathuluzi. Izingxenye ze-RP ziphinde zivumele umklami ukuthi ahlole ukumiswa kwezingxenye eziningi noma amanye ama-alloys ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu zamathuluzi.
10- Ingabe Kukhona I-Porosity kanye/noma Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Shrinkage Nge-Investments Castings?
Lokhu kuncike ekutheni insimbi yokuphonsa igesi iphuma kahle kangakanani ensimbi encibilikisiwe nokuthi izingxenye ziqina ngokushesha kangakanani. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isihlahla esakhiwe kahle sizovumela i-porosity ukuba ibanjwe esihlahleni, hhayi ukuphonsa, futhi igobolondo le-ceramic elishisa kakhulu livumela ukupholisa okungcono. Futhi, izingxenye ze-vacuum-investment cast zisusa insimbi encibilikisiwe yokukhubazeka kwegesi njengoba umoya uqedwa. Ukukhishwa kwe-investimenti kusetshenziselwa izicelo eziningi ezibucayi ezidinga i-x-ray futhi kufanele zihlangabezane nemibandela ecacile yomsindo. Ubuqotho bokutshala izimali bungaba phezulu kakhulu kunezingxenye ezikhiqizwa ezinye izindlela.
11- Yiziphi Izinsimbi kanye nama-alloys Angathululwa Ngokusakazwa Kwezimali Ku-Foundry Yakho?
Cishe iningi lensimbi engayoni nengenayo insimbi kanyeama-alloyskungenziwa ngenqubo yokutshala imali. Kodwa, endaweni yethu yokulahla i-wax elahlekile, siphonsa ikakhulukaziinsimbi ye-carbon, insimbi yengxubevange, insimbi engagqwali,super duplex insimbi engagqwali, insimbi empunga, i-ductile cast iron,ama-alloys e-aluminium nethusi. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo ezithile zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-alloys akhethekile asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Lawa ma-alloys, njenge-Titanium ne-Vanadium, ahlangabezana nezidingo ezengeziwe okungenzeka zingafinyelelwa ngama-alloys e-Aluminium ajwayelekile. Isibonelo, ama-alloys e-Titanium avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-turbine blades nama-vanes ezinjini ze-aerospace. I-Cobalt-base kanye ne-Nickel-base alloys (enezici ezihlukahlukene zesibili ezingezwe ukuze kuzuzwe amandla athile, amandla okugqwala kanye nezakhiwo ezimelana nezinga lokushisa), ziyizinhlobo ezengeziwe zezinsimbi ezikhonjiwe.
12- Kungani Ukutshala Kwezimali Kuphinde Kubizwe Nge-Precision Casting?
Ukulingisa kwe-investimenti kuphinde kubizwe nge-precision casting ngoba kunendawo engcono kakhulu nokunemba okuphezulu kunanoma iyiphi enye inqubo yokulingisa. Ikakhulukazi ngenqubo ye-silica sol casting, ukubunjwa okuqediwe kungafinyelela ku-CT3 ~ CT5 ekubekezeleleni ukubunjwa kwejiyomethri kanye ne-CT4 ~ CT6 ekubekezeleni kokulinganisa kwe-dimensional. Kuma-casings akhiqizwa inqubo yokutshala imali, kuzoba nesidingo esincane noma singekho sokwenza izinqubo zomshini. Ngokwezinga elithile, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kungase kuthathele indawo inqubo yomshini onzima.
I-13- Kungani Ukukhishwa Kwe-Wax Elahlekile Kubizwa ngokuthi Ukutshala Kwezimali?
I-investment casting ithola igama layo ngoba amaphethini (i-wax replicas) itshalwe ngezinto eziphikisayo ezizungezwe ngesikhathi.inqubo yokuphonsa. Igama elithi "invested" lapha lisho ukuzungezwa. I-wax replicas kufanele itshalwe (izungezwe) yizinto eziphikisayo ukuze zimelane nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe ezigelezayo ngesikhathi sokubunjwa.