Ngokwezinga lokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, i-carbon steel yeukuphonsangokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngensimbi ephansi ye-carbon, i-medium carbon steel kanye ne-high carbon steel. Ama-cast carbon steels awo wonke amazwe emhlabeni ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngokwamandla awo, futhi amamaki ahambisanayo ayakhiwa.
Ngokuphathelene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-carbon steel, ngaphandle kwe-phosphorus nesibabule, akukho mingcele noma imingcele ephezulu kuphela kwezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo esingenhla, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi ye-cast carbon kunqunywa yi-isisekelongokusho kwezakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini.
Izindlela zokwelapha ukushisa kwe-carbon steel castings ngokuvamile zi-annealing, normalizing noma normalizing + tempering. Kokunye ukuphonswa kwensimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni, ukucisha nokushisa nakho kungasetshenziswa, okungukuthi, ukucisha + izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ezibanzi zemishini yokusakazwa kwe-carbon steel. Ukukhishwa kwensimbi encane ye-carbon kungacinywa ngokuqondile futhi kuncishiswe kusuka kusimo sokusakazwa. Ukuze uthole ukukhishwa kwensimbi yensimbi yezinga elikhulu noma eyinkimbinkimbi, kufanelekile ukwenza ukwelashwa kokucisha nokushisa ngemva kokwelashwa okujwayelekile.
Umthelela wekhabhoni ku-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo ze-carbon steel
1) Umthelela wekhabhoni esakhiweni se-carbon steel
I-Carbon iyisici esiyinhloko esinquma isakhiwo se-metallographic kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi. Ebangeni lensimbi ye-hypoeutectoid, njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwanda, inani elihlobene le-ferrite liyancipha futhi inani elihlobene le-pearlite liyakhula. Lapho ufinyelela ukwakheka kwe-eutectoid, zonke ziyi-pearlite. Ebangeni le-hypereutectoid, njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwanda, inani elihlobene le-proeutectoid cementite liyakhuphuka futhi inani elihlobene le-pearlite liyehla.
2) Umthelela wekhabhoni kuzakhiwo zemishini ze-carbon steel
Ikhabhoni ithinta izakhiwo zemishini ye-carbon steel ngokuthinta amanani ahlobene nezici zokusabalalisa zengxenye ngayinye yesakhiwo ku-microstructure. Ngokuvamile, njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwanda, ubulukhuni bensimbi ye-carbon buzokhula, kodwa amandla ayo okuthinta kanye nokwelula kuzokwehla. Amandla aqinile namandla okukhiqiza azoqale anyuke bese ehla njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ku-carbon steel kwanda.
3) Umthelela wekhabhoni ekusebenzeni kokusika kwe-carbon steel castings
Insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi inenani elikhulu le-ferrite, ubulukhuni obuphansi, ipulasitiki enhle, nokunamathela kalula, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwayo kokusika akubi kakhulu. Kukhona usimende owengeziwe ku-high carbon steel. Lapho i-cementite isakazwa ku-flake kanye nenethiwekhi, ithuluzi kulula ukugqoka, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwalo kokusika akubi kakhulu. Isilinganiso se-ferrite ne-cementite ku-carbon steel medium kufanelekile, ubulukhuni kanye ne-plasticity nakho kulinganiselwe, futhi ukusebenza kokusika kungcono. Ukusebenza kokusika kuhamba phambili uma ububanzi bobulukhuni bokubunjwa kwensimbi bungu-180-230 HBW.
4) Umthelela wekhabhoni ekusebenzeni kokusakazwa kwe-carbon steel
Emazingeni okushisa afanayo, ubumanzi bensimbi encibilikisiwe enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ehlukene buhlukile. Ngoba izinsimbi ezinokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwekhabhoni zineziqu ezihlukene zokuthuthuka kuma-dendrites. Uma sikhulu isikhawu sokushisa se-crystallization zone (umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi komugqa we-liquid kanye nomugqa we-solidus), kulapho athuthukiswa khona amakristalu e-dendritic ensimbi ye-carbon, okungukuthi, ukugcwala kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kubi kakhulu, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwensimbi. ikhono lensimbi encibilikisiwe ukugcwalisa isikhunta.
