Thola Ukukhubazeka Kwangaphakathi Kokusakaza nge-Ultrasonic

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic kungathola amaphutha afana nezimbotshana ezinciphayo, i-shrinkage porosity, i-porosity, inclusions, kanye nokuqhekeka kokusakazwa okunezimo ezilula nezindawo eziyisicaba, futhi kunganquma usayizi nendawo yokukhubazeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic kubhekisela endleleni yokujova i-ultrasound (imvamisa ephezulu kanye ne-wavelength emfushane) endaweniukuphonsa, bese ithola amaphutha angaphakathi okusakaza ngokuya ngezici zokuphindaphinda kwakho kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-waveform kusixhumi esibonakalayo. I-Ultrasound inezici ze-beam directivity kanye ne-propagation reflectivity.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic: indlela ye-pulse reflection, indlela yokungena kanye nendlela ye-resonance. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuthola i-ultrasonic yindlela yokubonisa ishayela. Isho indlela yokwahlulela usayizi nendawo yesici ngokuvumelana ne-echo yesici kanye ne-echo yendawo engaphansi.

Isimiso esiyisisekelo sendlela yokubonisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo ukuthi isici se-piezoelectric ku-probe sijatshuliswa ama-high-frequency pulses ukukhiqiza ama-ultrasonic pulses. Uma igagasi lomsindo lisabalala ekulingiseni futhi lihlangabezana neziphambeko, ingxenye yalo iphindela emuva. Ubukhulu begagasi elibonisiwe bungabonisa usayizi, indawo nokujula kweziphambeko zangaphakathi zokusakaza. Amagagasi e-Ultrasonic angabonisiwe ayaqhubeka nokusabalala aze aphinde abonakale emuva phansi kokusakaza. Amandla omsindo avela endaweni engalungile naphansi kokusakazwa atholwa ngokulandelana yi-piezoelectric transducer, bese eboniswa ekubonisweni komtshina we-ultrasonic flaw ngendlela ye-amplitude.

Ukuzwela komtshina we-ultrasonic flaw kubhekisela emandleni awo okuthola amaphutha amancane kakhulu. Ukuzwela kokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kuhlobene nezici ezifana nemvamisa yegagasi le-ultrasonic, ukukhuliswa komtshina wamaphutha, amandla okudlulisela, ukusebenza kwe-probe, nokuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okubushelelezi kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic endaweni ye-acoustic, kufanele kuthathwe indlela efanele yokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bokubunjwa kufanele bube ngu-Ra≤12.5 μm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umoya esikhaleni, uketshezi oluhlanganisayo (amanzi, amafutha okugcoba, uwoyela we-transformer, ingilazi yamanzi, njll.) kufanele kusetshenziswe phakathi kwe-probe kanye ne-surface yokutholwa kwephutha lokuphonsa.

 

Izici zokutholwa kwamaphutha e-ultrasonic:

1. Ukuzwela okuphezulu. Ukutholwa kwamaphutha e-Ultrasonic kungathola amasignali anesici ngengcindezi yomsindo we-pulse reflection wave engu-0.1% kuphela wengcindezi yomsindo wesigameko.

2. Ukunemba kwendawo enesici esiphezulu kanye nokulungiswa okuphezulu

3. Ukusebenza okuqinile kanye nohlu olubanzi lokusebenzisa. Ukutholwa kwamaphutha e-Ultrasonic kungathola zonke izinhlobo zokulingisa ngaphandle kokusakazwa kwensimbi ye-austenitic.

4. Izindleko eziphansi, isivinini esikhulu kanye nokushuba okukhulu kokutholwa.

 

Izici zokushaya kwenhliziyo nencazelo yomumo yamaphutha ahlukahlukene angaphakathi wokulingisa esikrinini sokubonisa:

1. Umfantu

I-Casting crack iwuhlobo lokuphuka kwensimbi, oluqukethe igesi, olunesiqondiso esithile, futhi lusakazwa ngomugqa. Uma lezi ziphambeko zitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, uma i-perpendicular ku-beam yomsindo, ama-pulses abonisiwe ayabonakala, abukhali futhi aqinile. Kodwa lapho ukusakazwa kwawo kuhambisana nensimbi yomsindo, akulula ukutholakala. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhlolwa, kufanele kuboniswe kusuka eziqondisweni eziningi, ukuze ukukhubazeka kuhambisane ne-beam yomsindo ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthola imifantu esabalaliswe kuzo zonke izinkomba.

2. Imbobo

Njengemifantu, ama-blowholes ekubunjweni aqukethe igesi. I-interface yokubonisa yembobo yomoya ivamile futhi ibushelelezi, ngakho-ke lapho insimbi yomsindo ihambisana ngokuphelele ne-interface yayo yokubonisa, izici nokuma kwe-pulse ebonisiwe kufana nokuqhekeka, futhi kuyabonakala, kubukhali futhi kunamandla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ama-blowholes amaningi ayindilinga noma ayi-elliptical, lapho uphenyo luhamba kancane, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyanyamalala ngokushesha. Uma i-probe ithola kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, izimbobo zokushaywa zingatholakala, futhi izici ze-pulse ebonisiwe nazo zincane. Lokhu akunjalo ngemifantu. Ngenxa yokuthi imifantu isakazwa ngendlela eqondile ngokuqondisa okuqinile, ama-pulses abo abonisiwe awapheli ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwe-probe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, akubona bonke abangatholakala lapho behlolwa kuzo zonke izinkomba. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-pores kanye nemifantu.

3. Ukuncipha

I-shrinkage cavity iqukethe igesi, futhi uma indawo yayo ebonisayo ephumelelayo inkulu kunendawo yomsindo wokusabalalisa i-beam, indlela yomsindo ibonakala ngokuphelele, futhi i-surface surface pulse reflection iyasuswa. Izici ze-pulse ebonisiwe ye-shrinkage cavity nazo zisobala, zibukhali futhi ziqinile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwendlela yokwahlulela engenhla, ukwahlulelwa kokukhubazeka komgodi wokushwabana kufanele futhi kusebenzise indlela yokuqagela yezindiza eziningi.

4. Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi kanye nokufakwa kwe-Slag

Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi kanye nokufakwa kwe-slag kubhekisela ekufakweni kwensimbi okuqukethe inani elincane legesi kanye ne-non-metallic inclusions. Lokhu kungcola kunomphumela wokumunca amandla omsindo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi indawo ekhanyayo icishe ibe yinye futhi ibushelelezi, izici zokubonisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yayo ziphakathi kokusobala, okubukhali, okuqinile nokufiphele, kuhamba kancane futhi kufushane. Isimo sokugcina senzeka lapho isikhombimsebenzisi phakathi kwe-inclusions nensimbi singavamile ngokungavamile futhi sinamathele ngokuqinile ensimbi.

5. I-Shrinkage Porotity

Isici sokubonakala kokushaya kwenhliziyo kwe-shrinkage porosity ukuthi akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubonisa indawo engezansi noma ishayela lokubonisa iphutha, kodwa into enwabuzelayo emugqeni wokushanela wesikrini esibonisiwe.