Namuhla kulesi sihloko sizama ukwethula umlando omfushane mayelanainqubo yokutshala imali. Njengezindlela zokusakaza ezindala kodwa ezintsha, ukutshala imali kwathuthukiswa njengobuchwepheshe obusha obukhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, izinto zokuphonsa kanye nemishini, ngisho nenqubo eyisisekelo icishe ifane neyasetshenziswa ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, ukufakwa kwezimali okutshalwa kwezimali kuba kwesimanje kakhulu futhi ukulingisa kunomoya ongcono kakhulu nokubekezelela okuqinile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu. .
Umlando wokulahlekelwa kwe-wax uhlehlela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwasekuqaleni kwakuyizithombe, imihlobiso kanye nobucwebe, kusetshenziswa ingcina yezinyosi zemvelo ukuze kwenziwe amaphethini, ubumba lwesikhunta kanye nezivunguvungu eziqhutshwa ngesandla zokushisa umlilo. Izibonelo zitholwe emhlabeni wonke ezithombeni zase-India ze-Harappan Civilization (2500-2000 BC), amathuna ase-Egypt e-Tutankhamun (1333-1324 BC), eMesopotamia, e-Aztec nase-Mayan Mexico, kanye nempucuko yase-Benin e-Afrika lapho inqubo yakhiqiza khona ubuciko obunemininingwane ithusi, ithusi negolide.
Umbhalo wakudala owaziwayo ochaza inqubo yokutshala imali (i-Schedula Diversarum Artium) yabhalwa cishe ngo-1100 AD ngu-Theophilus Presbyter, indela eyachaza izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa iresiphi yesikhumba. Le ncwadi yasetshenziswa umqophi nomkhandi wegolide u-Benvenuto Cellini (1500–1571), owachaza kabanzi emlandweni wakhe ngenqubo yokutshala imali ayisebenzisela i-Perseus neNhloko yesithombe esiqoshiwe se-Medusa esimi ku-Loggia dei Lanzi e-Florence, e-Italy.
Ukutshala izimali kwaqala ukusetshenziswa njengenqubo yesimanje yezimboni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho odokotela bamazinyo beqala ukuyisebenzisela ukwenza imiqhele nama-inlay, njengoba kuchazwe uDkt. D. Philbrook we-Council Bluffs, Iowa ngo-1897. UWilliam H. Taggart waseChicago, iphepha lakhe lango-1907 lachaza ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe kwendlela. Wabuye wenza inhlanganisela yephethini ye-wax yezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, wakha izinto zokutshala imali, futhi wasungula umshini wokukhipha umfutho womoya.
Ngawo-1940s, ikakhulukazi iMpi Yezwe II yandisa isidingo sokwenziwa komumo wenetha onembayo kanye nama-alloys akhethekile ayengakwazi ukulolongwa izinqubo zokuphonsa zendabuko, noma kudingeka imishini eminingi kakhulu. Imboni iphendukele ekutshalweni kwezimali. Ngemva kwempi, inqubo yokukhipha i-wax elahlekile yasakazekela ezinhlelweni eziningi zezentengiselwano nezimboni ezazisebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zaphakama kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izibhamu ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kuncishiswe imishini edinga abasebenzi abaningi.
Izindlela zesimanje zokuphonsa (i-wax casting elahlekile) zisuka ekuthuthukisweni kwe-United Kingdom yenqubo yegobolondo esebenzisa amaphethini we-wax aziwa ngokuthi inqubo ye-investimenti engu-X. Le ndlela ixazulule inkinga yokukhishwa kwe-wax ngokumboza igobolondo eliqediwe nelomisiwe kumshini wokukhipha umhwamuko. Umhwamuko wawungena egobolondweni ukuze uncibilike futhi uncibilikise ingcina. Le nqubo iye yaguquguquka phakathi neminyaka yaba yinqubo yamanje yokuncibilikisa ingcina eyintombi nto ku-autoclave noma esithandweni somlilo.
I-Ancient Investment Casting by Bronze
I-Modern Investment Casting Yensimbi Engagqwali
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-13-2021