1- Kuyini Ukulingiswa Kwezimali?
Ukutshalwa kwezimali, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulahleka kwe-wax okukhishiwe noma ukusakazwa ngokunemba, kubhekisa ekwakhekeni kobumba obuzungeze amaphethini we-wax ukudala isikhunta sezingxenye eziningi noma esisodwa ukuthola insimbi encibilikile. Le nqubo isebenzisa inqubo esetshenziswayo yomjovo obunjiwe wephethini le-wax ukufeza amafomu anzima ngezimpawu zobuso ezihlukile. Ukwakha isikhunta, iphethini le-wax, noma iqoqo lamaphethini, lifakwa ezintweni zobumba izikhathi eziningana ukwakha igobolondo eliqinile. Inqubo ye-De-wax ilandelwa inqubo eyomile yegobolondo. Igobolondo le-ceramic elingaphansi kwe-wax liyakhiqizwa. Insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa emigodini yegobolondo le-ceramic noma kuqoqo, futhi uma iqinile futhi selehlile, igobolondo le-ceramic liyaphulwa ukuveza into yokugcina yensimbi. Precision utshalomali castings ingafinyelela ukunemba ezehlukile kokubili izingxenye ezincane futhi ezinkulu ekubunjweni e ezahlukene izinto.
2- Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokuphonswa Kwezimali?
✔ Isiphetho esihle kakhulu futhi esibushelelezi
✔ ukubekezelelana okuqinile.
✔ bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi nge design eguquguqukayo
✔ Amandla okusakaza izindonga ezincanyana ngakho-ke ingxenye yokukhipha elula
✔ Ukukhetha okubanzi kwezinsimbi nama-alloys (ayoni futhi angenayo)
✔ Okusalungiswa akudingeki ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta.
✔ Nciphisa isidingo semishini yesibili.
✔ Imfucumfucu ephansi yempahla.
3- Yiziphi Izinyathelo Zenqubo Yokuphonsa Imali?
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha utshalomali, iphethini ye-wax ifakwe okokusebenza kwe-ceramic, okuthi, uma iqina, yamukele i-geometry yangaphakathi yokuphonsa okufiswayo. Ezimweni eziningi, izingxenye eziningi zifakwa ndawonye ukuze zisebenze kahle ngokunamathisela amaphethini we-wax ngawunye endukwini ye-wax ebizwa ngokuthi i-sprue. I-wax iyancibilika ngaphandle kwephethini - yingakho yaziwa nangokuthi inqubo elahlekile ye-wax - futhi insimbi encibilikisiwe ithelwa emgodini. Lapho insimbi iqina, isikhunta se-ceramic siyasuswa, kushiye isimo senetha esiseduze sokuphonsa okufiswayo, kulandelwe ukuqeda, ukuhlola nokupakisha.
4- Isetshenziselwani I-Investment Castings?
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kusetshenziswa kakhulu emaphampu nasemaphayiphu, ezimotweni, emalolini, kuma-hydraulic, kumaloli we-forklift nakwezinye izimboni eziningi. Ngenxa yokubekezela kwabo okwehlukile nokuqedela okuhle, ukusakazwa kwe-wax okulahlekile kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, ukusakazwa kwensimbi engagqwali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi nasezikebheni ngoba zinamandla okulwa nokugqwala.
5- Yikuphi Ukubekezelela Ukulingisa Okungafinyelelwa Yisisekelo Sakho Ngokukhishwa Kwezimali?
Ngokusho kwezinto ezihlukile zokubopha ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza igobolondo, ukusakazwa kokutshalwa kwemali kungahlukaniswa kube yi-silica sol casting namanzi engilazi. Inqubo yokusakaza yokutshala imali ye-silica ine-Dimensional Casting Toleances (DCT) ne-Geometrical Casting Tolerances (GCT) kunenqubo yengilazi yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, noma ngenqubo efanayo yokusakaza, iBanga Lokubekezelela lizohluka kunhlanganisela ngayinye yabalingisi ngenxa yokuphakama kwabo okuhlukahlukene.
Isisekelo sethu singathanda ukukhuluma nawe uma unesicelo esikhethekile kuma-tolerances adingekayo. Lapha kokulandelayo ibanga lokubekezelelana elijwayelekile esingalifinyelela kokubili ngezinqubo zokulingisa i-silica sol kanye nezinqubo zamanzi ezingilazi ngokwehlukana:
✔ Ibanga le-DCT ngu-Silica Sol Lost Wax Casting: DCTG4 ~ DCTG6
✔ I-DCT Ibanga nge-Water Glass Lost Wax Casting: DCTG5 ~ DCTG9
✔ I-GCT Ibanga ngu-Silica Sol Lost Wax Casting: GCTG3 ~ GCTG5
✔ I-GCT Ibanga nge-Water Glass Lost Wax Casting: GCTG3 ~ GCTG5
6- Yimiphi Imingcele Yosayizi Wezingxenye Zokutshalwa Kwezimali?
Ukutshalwa kwemali kungakhiqizwa kuwo wonke ama-alloys kusuka kungxenyana ye-ounce, kuma-brace wamazinyo, kuye ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-1 000. (453.6 kg) wezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinjini zezindiza. Izakhi ezincane zingafakwa ngamakhulu esihlahleni ngasinye, kuyilapho ukusakazwa okunzima kakhulu kukhiqizwa ngesihlahla ngasinye. Umkhawulo wesisindo sokuphonsa utshalomali uncike kwimishini yokuphatha isikhunta esitshalweni sokulingisa. Izinsizakusebenza zakha izingxenye ezifika kuma-20 lbs. (9.07 kg). Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo eziningi zasekhaya zandisa amandla azo okuthululela izingxenye ezinkulu, nezakhi ku-20-120-lb. (9.07-54.43-kg) ububanzi buya ngokujwayelekile. Isilinganiso esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuklama ukusakazwa kotshalo-mali ngu-3: 1 — kuyo yonke i-1-lb. (0.45-kg) yokusakaza, kufanele kube nama-3 lbs. (1.36 kg) esihlahleni, kuya ngesivuno esidingekayo nosayizi wengxenye. Isihlahla ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele sibe sikhulu kakhulu kunengxenye, futhi isilinganiso siqinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqinisa nokuqinisa, igesi nokuncipha kuzophelela esihlahleni, hhayi ukusakaza.
7- Hlobo Luni Lwe-Surface Finish Ekhiqizwa Ngokuphonswa Kwezimali?
Ngoba igobolondo le-ceramic lihlanganiselwe emaphethini abushelelezi akhiqizwa ngokujova i-wax kufeni e-aluminium epholishiwe, isiphetho sokugcina sokusakaza sihle kakhulu. Ukuqedwa okuncane kwama-rms ayi-125 kusezingeni elijwayelekile futhi okuqediwe kahle (ama-rms angama-63 noma angama-32) kungenzeka ngemisebenzi yokuqedela okwesibili ngemuva kokuphonswa. Izakhiwo zokusakaza zensimbi ngazinye zinezindinganiso zazo zezici ezingaphezulu, futhi abasebenzi bendawo kanye nonjiniyela / amakhasimende wokuklama bazoxoxa ngala makhono ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-oda lamathuluzi. Amazinga athile ancike ekusetshenzisweni kokuphela kwento kanye nezimpawu zokugcina zezimonyo.
8- Ingabe Kuyabiza Ukutshalwa Kwezimali?
Ngenxa yezindleko nokusebenza ngabobumba, ukusakazwa kokutshalwa kwemali ngokuvamile kunezindleko eziphakeme kunezingxenye zomgunyathi noma isihlabathi nezindlela ezihlala njalo zokuphonsa isikhunta. Kodwa-ke, benzela izindleko eziphakeme ngokuncishiswa kwemishini etholwe ngokubekezelelwa kwe-as-cast near-net-shape tolerances. Isibonelo esisodwa salokhu kungukuqalwa kwezingalo ze-automotive rocker, ezingaphonswa ngaphandle kwemishini edingekayo. Izingxenye eziningi ezidinga ukugaywa, ukujika, ukubhola nokugaya ukuqeda kungaba ukutshalwa kwemali okusetshenzisiwe okunesitoko se-0.020-0.030 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali kudinga ama-engeli okusalungiswa amancane ukuze kususwe amaphethini ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi; futhi akukho okusalungiswa okudingekayo ukususa ukususwa kwensimbi kugobolondo lokutshala imali. Lokhu kungavumela ukusakazwa okunama-engeli angama-90-degree ukuthi aklanywe ngaphandle kwemishini eyengeziwe ukuthola lawo ma-engeli.
9- Yimaphi Amathuluzi Wamathuluzi Nephethini Okudingekayo Ekulahlekeni Kwengcina Okulahlekile?
Ukukhiqiza amaphethini wesikhunta se-wax, insimbi yokuhlukanisa insimbi (enesimo sokuphonsa kokugcina) kuzodingeka yenziwe. Ngokuya ngobulukhuni bokuphonsa, kungasetshenziswa inhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yensimbi, i-ceramic noma ama-cores ancibilikayo ukuvumela ukucushwa okufunwayo. Iningi lamathuluzi wokutshalwa kwezindleko libiza phakathi kuka- $ 500- $ 10,000. Ama-prototypes asheshayo (RP), afana namamodeli we-stereo lithography (SLA), nawo angasetshenziswa. Izinhlobo ze-RP zingakhiwa ngamahora futhi zithathe ukwakheka okuqondile kwengxenye. Izingxenye ze-RP zingabuthelwa ndawonye futhi zigoqwe kusilayidi se-ceramic futhi zishiswe zivumele umgodi ongenalutho ukuthola isakhi sokutshalwa kwemali sokulingisa. Uma ukusakaza kukhulu kunemvilophu yokwakha, izingxenye eziningi ze-RP sub-component zingenziwa, zihlanganiswe zibe yingxenye eyodwa, bese ziphonswa ukufeza ingxenye yokugcina yomzekelo. Ukusebenzisa izingxenye ze-RP akulungile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu, kepha kungasiza iqembu lokuklama ukuthi lihlole ingxenye ngokunemba nefomu, ukulingana nokusebenza ngaphambi kokuhambisa i-oda lamathuluzi. Izingxenye ze-RP futhi zivumela umklami ukuthi alinge ukumiswa kwezingxenye eziningi noma ama-alloys ahlukile ngaphandle kokukhishwa okukhulu kwezindleko zamathuluzi.
10- Ingabe Kukhona Amaphutha Wokulangazelela kanye / noma we-Shrinkage nge-Investment Castings?
Lokhu kuncike ekutheni insimbi ekhipha insimbi iyenza kanjani igesi iphume ensimbi encibilikisiwe nokuthi izingxenye ziqina ngokushesha kangakanani. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isihlahla esakhiwe kahle sizovumela i-porosity ukuthi ibhajwe esihlahleni, hhayi ukusakaza, futhi igobolondo elinokushisa okukhulu livumela ukuphola okungcono. Futhi, izingxenye zokutshala imali ezincishisiwe zisusa insimbi encibilikisiwe yokukhubazeka komoya njengoba kuqedwa umoya. Ukufakwa kwemali okusetshenzisiwe kusetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi ezibucayi ezidinga i-x-ray futhi kufanele zihlangabezane nenqubo ecacile yomsindo. Ubuqotho bokuphosa utshalomali bungaphakama kakhulu kunezingxenye ezikhiqizwa ezinye izindlela.
11- Yiziphi Izinsimbi Nama-Alloys Angahle Achitheke Ngokutshalwa Kwezimali Ekutshaleni Kwakho?
Cishe iningi lensimbi elinensimbi nelingafudumele futhi ama-alloys angaphonswa ngenqubo yokukhipha utshalomali. Kepha, endaweni yethu yokulahla i-wax elahlekile, ikakhulukazi sasifaka i-carbon steel, i-alloy steel, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali engabili engenalutho, i-grey cast iron, i-ductile cast iron, i-aluminium alloys nethusi. Ngokwengeziwe, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-alloys akhethekile asetshenziswa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinzima. Lawa ma-alloys, afana neTitanium neVanadium, ahlangabezana nezidingo ezingezekile ezingafinyelelwa ngama-alloys ajwayelekile e-Aluminium. Isibonelo, ama-alloys eTitanium ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-turbine blades kanye nama-vanes ezinjini ze-aerospace. Ama-alloys e-Cobalt-base ne-Nickel-base (anezinto ezahlukahlukene zesekondari ezifakiwe ukufeza amandla athile, amandla wokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo ezingamelana nokushisa), yizinhlobo ezingeziwe zensimbi eyakhiwe.
12- Kungani Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezimali Futhi Kubizwa Ngokuphonswa Kwe-Precision?
Ukuphonsa ukutshalwa kwezimali kubizwa nangokuthi ukusakazwa ngokunemba ngoba kunendawo engcono kakhulu nokunemba okuphezulu kunanoma iyiphi enye inqubo yokusakaza. Ikakhulukazi ngenqubo yokukhipha i-silica sol, ukusakazwa okuqediwe kungafinyelela ku-CT3 ~ CT5 ekubekezelelaneni kokulingiswa kwejometri kanye ne-CT4 ~ CT6 ekubekezeleni okubunjiwe. Okwe-casings okukhiqizwa ngotshalomali, kuzoba kuncane noma kungabikho sidingo sokwenza izinqubo zokuchofoza. Ngokwezinga elithile, ukukhishwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kungathatha indawo yenqubo yokugaya enokhahlo.
13- Kungani Ukulahlwa Kwewakisi Kubizwa Ngokubizwa Ngokutshalwa Kwezimali?
Ukusakazwa kotshalo-mali kubizwa ngegama lalo ngoba amaphethini (izifanekiselo ze-wax) atshalwe ngezinto zokwakha ezizungezile ngesikhathi senqubo yokusakaza. "Okutshalwe imali" lapha kusho ukuzungezwa. Okuphindaphindwayo kwe-wax kufanele kutshalwe imali (kuzungezwe) yizinxephezelo eziphikisayo ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe ezigelezayo ngesikhathi sokusakaza.