Njengenqubo eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza enomlando weminyaka engama-6000, ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza abunawo umlando omude kuphela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye buthathe ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinto ezintsha nezinqubo ezintsha ezakhiwe kusayensi yesimanje ngesikhathi. Sinesibopho sokuqhubekisela phambili le mboni eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza. La maphuzu alandelayo eminye yemicabango yethu yenqubekelaphambili yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuphonsa isihlabathi.
1 Ubuchwepheshe be-Foundry buthuthukela ekongeni ugesi nokonga okokusebenza
Enqubeni yokukhiqiza, inani elikhulu lamandla liyasetshenziswa kunqubo yokuncibilikisa insimbi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukufunwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo enqubeni yokukhipha isihlabathi nakho kuhle. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi ungonga kanjani kangcono amandla nezinto zokwakha kuyinkinga enkulu ebhekene nezitshalo zokuphonsa isihlabathi. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka phakathi:
1) Hlakulela isihlabathi advanced udini, core okwenza ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini. Enqubeni yokukhiqiza isihlabathi, ingcindezi ephezulu, ingcindezi emile, ingcindezi yomjovo nemishini yokushaya umoya kufanele kusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi ngangokunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa isihlabathi sokuzenza lukhuni, ukulahleka kwe-foam elahlekile, ukukhipha i-vacuum nokuphonsa okukhethekile (njengokufaka ukutshalwa kwezimali, isikhunta sensimbi) nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
2) Ukubuyiselwa kwesihlabathi nokusetshenziswa kabusha. Lapho kusakazwa izingxenye zensimbi ezingezona i-ayoni, ukusakazwa kwensimbi nokuphonswa kwensimbi, ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa esihlabathi, izinga lokuthola kabusha isihlabathi esidala esenziwe ngomshini lingafinyelela kuma-90%. Phakathi kwabo, inhlanganisela yokuvuselelwa kwesihlabathi nokuvuselelwa okumanzi kuyindlela enhle kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu.
3) Ukwenza kabusha izinto zokunamathisela. Isibonelo, uma ukusakazwa kukhishwe ngendlela eyomile futhi okunamathelayo kuhlala esihlabathini, inqubo efanele ingenza ukunamathisela kusetshenziswe kabusha, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe kakhulu izindleko zokunamathisela.
4) Ukuvuselelwa kwesikhunta nezinto zokwenziwa.
2 Ukungcoliswa okuncane noma ukungabikho kokungcola
Isisekelo sokukhipha isihlabathi sikhiqiza amanzi amaningi angcolile, igesi kadoti nothuli ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, i-foundry ayisiwona nje umndeni omkhulu odla amandla, kepha futhi ingumthombo omkhulu wokungcola. Ikakhulukazi eChina, ukungcoliswa kwama-Foundries kubucayi kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwabo, uthuli, umoya kanye nemfucumfucu eqinile ekhishwa ezitshalweni zokuphonsa isihlabathi yizona ezibucayi kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinqubomgomo zaseChina zokuvikela imvelo ziye zaba lukhuni ngokwengeziwe, futhi ama-foundries kuye kwadingeka athathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulawula ukungcola. Ukufeza ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza nokuhlanzekile kokuphonsa isihlabathi, ama-binders aluhlaza angaphili kufanele asetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ngaphansi noma kungasetshenziswanga okuhlanganayo. Phakathi kwezinqubo zokuphonsa isihlabathi njengamanje ezihilelekile, ukulahleka kwe-foam, i-V inqubo yokuphonsa kanye ne-sodium silicate sand casting ayinayo imvelo. Ngoba ukulahleka kwe-foam nokulingiswa kwe-V kusetshenziswa ukumodeliswa kwesihlabathi esomile okungadingi izibopho, kuyilapho i-sodium silicate sand casting isebenzisa i-organic binders.
3 Ukunemba okuphezulu nobukhulu bejometri kokuphosa
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwakha enembile yokuphonsa izikhala, ukunemba kwe-gemometical and dimensional kwengxenye yokwakha kuthuthuka kusuka ekwakhekeni kwenetha nokwakheka kwe-form form form, okungukuthi, akukho majini owakhekayo. Umehluko phakathi kokuphonsa okungenalutho nezingxenye ezidingekayo uya ngokuncipha futhi uba mncane. Ngemuva kokuthi ezinye izikhala zakhiwe, ziye zasondela noma zafinyelela ukwakheka nobukhulu bokugcina bezingxenye, futhi zingahlanganiswa ngqo ngemuva kokugaya.
4 Kunamaphutha amancane noma cha
Esinye isibonakaliso sokusakaza ubulukhuni nezingxenye ezakha izinga yinombolo, usayizi nokulimala kwamaphutha okusakaza. Ngoba ukusebenza okushisayo nezinqubo zokusakaza zensimbi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuthinteka yizici eziningi, ukusakaza ukukhubazeka kunzima ukukugwema. Kodwa-ke, zimbalwa noma azikho amaphutha ukuthambekela kwesikhathi esizayo. Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa eziphumelelayo:
1) Hlakulela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwesakhiwo se-alloy futhi ubeke isisekelo sokuthola ukusakazwa kwemisindo.
2) Sebenzisa isoftware yokulingisa ukulingisa inqubo yangempela yokusakaza esigabeni sokuklama kusengaphambili. Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokulingisa, ukwakheka kwenqubo kulungiselelwe ukubona impumelelo yesilingo sokubumba kanye nesivivinyo sesikhunta.
3) Qinisa inqubo yokuqapha nokwenza imisebenzi ngokuhambisana nemiyalo yokusebenza enqunyiwe.
I-4) Qinisa ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi kunqubo yokukhiqiza, thola izingxenye ezingekho ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulungisa nokwenza ngcono okuhambisanayo.
5) Thola inani elibucayi lesici ngocwaningo nokuhlolwa kokuphepha nokwethembeka kwezingxenye.
5 Ukukhiqizwa okulula kwe-castings.
Ekhiqizweni kwezimoto zabagibeli, amaloli, nezinye izinto zokuhamba, ukuthi ungasinciphisa kanjani isisindo sezingxenye ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ezingxenye kuyinto eqhubeka ngokusobala. Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufeza ukunciphisa isisindo. Enye ukusebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilula, kanti enye ukunciphisa isisindo sezingxenye kusuka ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye zezingxenye. Ngoba ukusakazwa kwesihlabathi kunokuguquguquka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, futhi kunezinto eziningi zendabuko nezintsha zensimbi ongakhetha kuzo, ukusakazwa kwesihlabathi kungadlala indima enkulu ekukhiqizeni okungasindi.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha njengokuphrinta kwe-3D ekwenzeni isikhunta
Ngokuthuthuka nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, kubuye kusetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokulingisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta sendabuko, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D bungakhiqiza ngokushesha isikhunta esidingekayo ngentengo ephansi. Njengobuchwepheshe obusheshayo bokuphrinta, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunganikeza ukudlala okugcwele kuzinzuzo zako ekukhiqizeni kwesampula kwesampula nezigaba ezincane zeqoqo.
Isikhathi Iposi: Dec-25-2020